Drafect Proventions, Decess
isi data isi: Oke mmachi eserese nke mbụ bụ 2.0:1 maka igwe yana 1.6:1 maka aluminom. Oke redraw dabara na 1.3–1.5:1 kwa ogbo. Ọsọ ọsọ na-ese si na 5 ruo 50 m/min dabere na ihe na geometry. Ike njide oghere na-abụkarị 0.5-1.5% nke ike ihe na-emepụta × mpaghara oghere. A na-achịkwa mkparị mgbidi n'ime 10-15% nke ọkpụrụkpụ mbụ na usoro tozuru oke.
Gịnị bụ omimi Drawing?
Ihe osise miri emimetal akpụetal akpụ usoro nke a ewepụghị oghere na-radially mmasị n'ime a akpụ anwụ site n'ibu omume nke ntụmadị, na-amị a enweghị nkebi, oghere akụrụngwa na omimi nke karịrị ya dayameta. N'adịghị ka ịkụ akara ọrụ nke bụ isi ebipụ ma ọ bụ gbagọọ ihe, ihe osise miri emi plastically degharịa n'ime akụkụ atọ dị ka iko, mkpọ, shei, mkpuchi, na akụkụ ahụ ụgbọ ala.
Okwu "miri" na-ezo aka na omimi-na-dayameta ruru: mgbe omimi a dọtara karịrị akụkụ nke dayameta, usoro a na-ekewa dị ka ihe osise miri emi. Akụkụ nwere oke omimi ruo dayameta karịrị 1.0 na-achọkarị ọtụtụ usoro eserese (ịrụgharị) iji nweta geometry ikpeazụ na-enweghị ọdịda ihe. Na Dongguan Chenghui Intelligent Technology, anyị na-emekarị na-emepụta akụkụ miri emi na-adọta ruo 2.2 n'otu ọkwa na ruo 3.5 n'ofe ọtụtụ ọkwa maka ihe dị ka DC04 oyi-akpọrepu ígwè na 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara.
A na-eji eserese dị omimi eme ihe n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ - site na ụgbọala (mmanụ pan, mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, sensọ housings) ka electronics (mkpọ batrị, njikọ shells), ngwaọrụ ahụike (ịwa ngwá ụlọ), na aerospace (ihe owuwu ihe owuwu dị mfe). Usoro a na-ebuga akụkụ nwere ọmarịcha elu elu, nnabata akụkụ siri ike (± 0.05 mm enwere ike nweta), yana akụrụngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ihi ịrụsi ọrụ ike n'oge nrụrụ.
The Deep Drawing Usoro: Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ
1. Nkwadebe oghere
usoro na-amalite na blanking mpempe akwụkwọ (obere mpempe metal). A na-ekpebi dayameta oghere ahụ site na iji ụkpụrụ n'elu ala mgbe niile: elu ebe nke oghere ga-ha nhata n'elu ebe gbakwunyere trimm. Maka iko cylindrical na-enweghị flange, enwere ike itinye dayameta D oghere dị ka:
D = √(d² + 4dh) - ebe d bụ dayameta dị n'ime iko na h bụ ịdị elu iko.
A na-arụkarị ịgba akwụkwọ na igwe igwe eji arụ ọrụ na-eji anwụ anwụ anwụ. Iji ihe eji eme ihe bụ isi ihe na-eri ebe a; njikarịcha nesting nwere ike nweta 70-85% ojiji ihe maka oghere okirikiri. A na-etinye mmanu mmanu n'elu oghere tupu ịdepụta iji belata esemokwu ma gbochie ọgbụgbọ.
2. First Drawing Ọrụ
A na-etinye oghere ahụ n'elu oghere anwụ, na ntụmadị na-agbadata, na-amanye ígwè ahụ ka ọ na-asọba na plastik n'ime anwụ. A njide oghere (nke a na-akpọkwa mgbanaka eserese ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo) na-etinye nrụgide a na-achịkwa na mpaghara flange nke oghere ahụ, na-egbochi mkpụgharị ka ọ ka na-ekwe ka ihe na-abanye n'ime. Nchapụta dị n'etiti ntụmadị na ịnwụ na-abụkarị site na 1.1t ka 1.3t (ebe t bụ ọkpụrụkpụ ihe), na-eme ka ihe dị nro na-asọba na-enweghị ígwè.
The ịmachi nha nha (LDR) - oke kachasị nke oghere oghere na dayameta punch nke enwere ike ịdọrọ n'otu ọkwa na-enweghị ọdịda - na-abụkarị site na 1.8 ruo 2.2 maka alloys ígwè, 1.6 ruo 1.9 maka aluminum, na 1.4 ruo 1. igwe anaghị agba nchara. Ịgafe LDR chọrọ ọtụtụ usoro.
3. Redrawing na Ironing
Mgbe ihe omimi dị elu karịa otu ọkwa LDR, iko a dọtara nke ọma na-enweta otu ma ọ bụ karịa redrawing arụ ọrụ. Ogbo redraw ọ bụla na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata dayameta ma na-abawanye omimi. N'etiti usoro, akụkụ ahụ nwere ike ịchọ usoro annealing iji belata ọrụ ike na iweghachi ductility - dị oke egwu maka ihe dị ka 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara na aluminom miri emi.5.5.
Ironing bụ usoro metụtara ya nke na-eme ka mgbidi iko ahụ dị nro na elongated site n'ịgafe usoro nke na-anwụ na nke nta nke nta, na-emepụta nha mgbidi. A na-ejikarị ígwè eme ihe maka iko ihe ọṅụṅụ na ihe ndị nwere mgbidi tubular nwere obere mgbidi.
Draw Ratios, Limits, and Design Rules
Ịghọta oke eserese bụ ihe dị mkpa maka imewe ihe osise miri emi na-aga nke ọma. Akụkụ ndị bụ isi gụnyere:
- Draw Ratio (β) = D/d — ebe D bụ oghere oghere na d bụ ntụmadị dayameta. A β nke 2.0 pụtara na oghere ahụ bụ okpukpu abụọ nke dayameta ntụmadị.
- Mbelata Ratio (r) = (D - d)/D × 100% - ọtụtụ ndị injinia na-ahọrọ ikwupụta mbelata dị ka pasenti.
- Oke ruo na dayameta Oke (t/D) - oke dị oke egwu: ụkpụrụ dị n'elu 1% na-enye ohere ka ọ dị elu.
maka ihe kacha akwadoro-stage bụ maka ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị. igwe anaghị agba nchara DC01/DC04: 2.0-2.2, 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara: 1.8-2, 5052 aluminum (O-ewe iwe): 1.8-2.0, na ọla kọpa C11000: 1.9-2.1. Mkpịsị aka n'etiti ọkwa nwere ike iwelie mkpokọta ihe osise ruo 3.0 ma ọ bụ karịa.
Iwu imewe maka akụkụ ndị dị omimi gụnyere: idowe obere radius nkuku nke 1-2 × ọkpụrụkpụ ihe na ntụmadị imi na 4-8× ọkpụrụkpụ na radius ntinye anwụ, na-ezere ntụgharị dị nkọ nke na-etinye uche na nrụgide, na imewe maka nha mgbidi edo edo ọ gwụla ma emebere ironing.
Mmejọ na Mgbochi nkịtị
Wrinkling (Flange Wrinkles)
Wrink na-apụta na mpaghara flange mgbe nrụgide hoop nke mkpakọ gafere nguzogide ihe ahụ. Mgbochi: bulie ike njide oghere (BHF), kwalite BHF n'oge ọrịa strok (usoro BHF na-agbanwe agbanwe), ma hụ na mmanye mmanye kwesịrị ekwesị na mpaghara flange. BHF dị mma na-amalite bụ ihe dịka 1.5-2.5% nke ihe ike mkpụrụ ugboro flange mpaghara..
Ịdọka na mgbaji
Ịdọka mmiri na-emekarị na radius imi ma ọ bụ mgbidi iko ebe ihe ahụ na-enweta nrụgide nkwụsị kachasị elu. Mgbọrọgwụ ihe na-akpata gụnyere: oke nsonye oke, ihichapụ oghere oghere ezughi oke (ihe ọnyà), radii anwụ anwụ, ma ọ bụ mmanu ezughị oke n'akụkụ ọkpọ. Mgbochi: nọrọ n'ime oke LDR, debe ebe anwụ na-egbuke egbuke (Ra ≤ 0.2 μm), ma tinye mmanu dị iche iche - mmanu na mpaghara flange, obere mmanu na imi punch iji bulie esemokwu dị mkpa ebe ọ'
Springback na Dimensional Deviation
Mgbe ntụmadị laghachiri, mgbake na-agbanwe na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ laghachi azụ ntakịrị, karịsịa n'ọnụ iko na mgbidi. A na-akpọkarị Springback na ihe ndị dị ike na aluminom alloys. Mgbochi: kwụọ ụgwọ geometry nwụrụ anwụ, jiri ọrụ mmachi ma ọ bụ nha nha, ma tụlee oke ike nke Young's modules-to-good ike mgbe ị na-ebu amụma azụ azụ.
Earing
Earing na-ezo aka n'akụkụ wavy n'elu iko a dọtara nke anisotropy planar kpatara (ihe dị iche iche na ntụziaka dị iche iche nke mpempe akwụkwọ). Nke a na-ebute mkpofu ihe n'oge mkpụcha. Mgbochi: jiri ihe mpempe akwụkwọ nwere àgwà ntị dị ala (dịka ọmụmaatụ, aluminum alloys 5052 na 3003), na-ebuli nghazi oghere n'akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị, ma kwe ka ohere mkpụbelata zuru oke (5-10% nke elu iko).
Ngwa maka ịse miri emi
Nhọrọ ihe na-emetụta drawability, ndụ ngwá ọrụ, na ọnụ ahịa akụkụ. Ihe ndị a na-emekarị n'ime omimi gụnyere:
- Carbon Steel dị ala (DC01, DC04, SPCC, SPCD): Ọmarịcha drawability, ọnụ ala. Wepụta oke ruru 2.2 otu nkeji. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka brackets ụgbọ ala, akụkụ ngwa, na akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ izugbe.
- igwe anaghị agba nchara (304, 316L, 430): Nguzogide corrosion na ike dị elu. Ọ na-esiri ike ịbịaru n'ihi ịrụsi ọrụ ike; na-achọ ka annealing inter-stage. Ejiri ya maka sọks kichin, ngwaọrụ ahụike, na akụrụngwa nhazi kemịkalụ.
- Aluminum Alloys (1050, 3003, 5052-O): Dị fechaa na ezigbo usoro. 5052-O na-enye ọmarịcha ihe osise miri emi. A na-ahụkarị na ụlọ eletrọnịkị, ihe owuwu ụgbọ ala dị fechaa, na arịa nri.
- ọla kọpa na bra00C (00C): Nrụ ọrụ dị mma na nhazi. A na-eji ya maka njikọ ọkụ eletrik, ihe ndị na-akụ pọmpụ na ngwaike ịchọ mma.
Ihe onwunwe temper (annealed vs. hard-rolled) significantly impacts drawability — always specify annealed (O-ewe iwe) ma ọ bụ akara ngosi miri emi (DQ) maka ịrụ ọrụ.
Deep Drawing vs. Ndị ọzọ Metal Forming Processes
Compared to omenala ịkụ akara, ihe osise miri emi na-emepụta ụdị oghere dị mgbagwoju anya karị. N'adịghị ka na-aga n'ihu ọnwụ ịkụ akara nke karịrị na elu-olu ewepụghị ma ọ bụ ehulata akụkụ, miri ịbịaru specializes na enweghị nkebi enclosures. Versus metal spinning, miri ịbịaru awade ngwa ngwa okirikiri ugboro (5-20 ọrịa strok / nkeji nkeji mmepụta nke elu nkeji oge). 10,000 iberibe. Tụnyere hydroforming, ihe osise miri emi nwere mgbagwoju anya ngwá ọrụ na oge nhazi ngwa ngwa maka akụkụ symmetrical.
Maka ntụzịaka maka ịhọrọ usoro kachasị mma maka geometry akụkụ gị, gaa na ịkụ akara ígwè emeputa ibe ma ọ bụ rịọ maka ntinye maka nlele DFM efu.
Ajuju Ajuju
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti ịse miri emi na stampụ?
Ihe osise miri emi bụ ụdị stampụ akọwapụtara nke na-emepụta oghere, akụkụ enweghị nkebi site na ịdepụta metal mpempe akwụkwọ n'ime oghere anwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe osise miri emi niile na-eme stampụ, ọ bụghị stampụ niile bụ ihe osise miri emi - ọtụtụ ọrụ ịkụ akara gụnyere igbutu, ịgbagọ, ma ọ bụ imepụta ihe na-emighị emeri. Isi ihe dị iche bụ omimi na dayameta ruru: mgbe ọ gafere ihe dịka 0.5, a na-ewere usoro ahụ dị omimi.
Gịnị bụ kacha nso nso ruru?
Maka otu eserese eserese, oke eserese kachasị na-abụkarị. 2.0-2.2 maka igwe dị nro, 1.8-2.0 maka igwe anaghị agba nchara, na 1.8-2.0 maka aluminom alloys. N'ofe ọkwa dị iche iche yana mgbakasị n'etiti ogbo, nchikota ihe osise nke 3.0-4.0 ga-enweta ya. Oke oke dabere na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, geometry anwụ anwụ, ọnọdụ mmanu mmanu, yana ọsọ pịa.
Kedu ka akụkụ miri emi nwere ike isi dị?
omimi ịbịaru accommodates a dum ọkpụrụkpụ nso - si 0.1 mm foil maka micro-components (mkpọ batrị, iko sensọ) ruo 12-16 mm maka akụkụ nhazi ihe dị arọ (nrụgide arịa, nnukwu akpakanamde components). Ọkpụrụkpụ-ruo dayameta (t/D) bụ oke dị oke egwu karịa oke oke naanị.
Enwere ike ijikọ ihe osise miri emi na usoro ndị ọzọ?
Ee. A na-ejikọta ihe osise dị omimi na ịkpọpu (na-emepụta oghere na akụkụ a dọtara), flanging (na-akpụ egbugbere ọnụ gburugburu oghere ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ), embossing (ịmepụta atụmatụ ewelitere), na threading (na-akpụ eriri ime ma ọ bụ mpụga). Enwere ike itinye ọrụ ndị a n'otu ngwa na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ nyefe, na-ebelata ụgwọ njikwa nke abụọ.
Kedu ka m ga-esi mara ma akụkụ m dabara adaba maka eserese miri emi?
Ziga ihe osise akụkụ gị ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi 3D na ndị otu injinia anyị maka free DFM (Design for Manufacturability) nyochaa site na anyị RFQ ibe. Anyị na-enyocha oke eserese, radii nkuku, nhọrọ ihe, yana ihe nnabata chọrọ iji chọpụta atụmatụ nhazi kacha mma wee wepụta akụkọ ike zuru ezu n'ime awa 24.
Ihe metụtara
- Ntuziaka stampụ miri emi - Usoro, ihe na ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ịse stampụ miri emi.