Bending benn la ci liggéey yiñ gëna xam ci estampage wen. Liko dalee ci bracket yu yomb yi ba ci boîtier yu jaffe yi, daanaka bépp cër buñu stampe buy soppi yoon mingi aju ci anam wu ñuy bënn. Doonte dafa melni lu yomb, bënndam dafay indi ay jafe-jafe ingenieur yu dëggu - ressort, xar-xar, derivation dimensionel, ak ay jafe-jafe ci kaw suuf - loolu dafay laaj xayma bu jaar yoon ak jëmmal jumtukaay.
Gid bii dafay wax ci li gëna am solo ci flexion: xeeti coudé yi gëna mag ak kañ lañu wara jëfandikoo bu nekk, ni ñuy xaymaa doole coudé bi ak rayon coudé bi gëna ndaw, pexe yuñ firndeel ngir xam luy waaja am ak kompensaasioŋ ressort, ak njàngalem jëmmal biy tëye liggéey bi.
Luy xëcc ci estampage wen?
Ci estampage wen, bënd mooy deformaasioŋ plastik bu tóol ci wër benn axe bu jub, ñu jëfandikoo ponch ak matris. Materiaal bi ci biti dafay tàllal (tension) ci biir surface bi di kompresse. Axe neutre bi - lu tollu ci 40-44 % ci dëgëraay bi ci biir surface bi - mingi des ci guddaay bu soppeeku.
Liggéeyu ñaw mën nañu ko defee ci frein pres, matris tëggin bu am stasioŋ ñaw buñ tabax ci biir, wala matris forming buñ jagleel. Tanneef bi mingi aju ci geometri piis bi, bariwaayu liggéey bi, ak li ñuy laaj ci tolerans bi.
Xeetu flexion ci estampage wen
Profil yu wuute yi dañuy laaj jumtukaay yu wuute. Tablo bi ci suuf dafay méngale xeeti courbe yiñ gëna jëfandikoo ci estampage production.
| Bend Type | Tegtal | Demànd yiñ gëna xam | Die Jafe-jafe | Sensibilite ci Ressort |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V-Bend | Punch presses sheet into a V-shaped die cavity | Supports, couvercles, brides simples | Low | Moderate |
| L-Bend | Benn bride 90° buñ defaree ci mbagg | Suport L, onglet de montage, brides de bordure | Low | Moderate |
| U-Bend | Fiche bi ñu defaree ab profil U-channel | Canaux, plateaux, costilles de rigissement | Digg | Haut (deux courbes) |
| Z-Bend | Ñaari bërëb yu jàkkarloo di defar Z-offset | Deplacement ngir dindi, brackets | Digg | Kawe (kumulatif) |
| Hemming | Edge plié lu ëpp 180° ci boppam | Bord de panneau, bord de sécurité, fermetures automobiles | Digg–Kawe | Low (dafa tëju) |
| Rocker/Roll Bending | Gradual curvature formed by rolling or rocker dies | Paneel yu xawa ñaw, ay xeetu silindrik | Haut | Variable |
| Fomp Courbure | Sheet wiped over a die edge by a pressure pad | Courbes de bord simples, brides de retour | Bas–Moyen | Moderate |
| Courbure Rotaire | Segment matris buy wëréelu dafay forme courbe bi | Courbe yu jaar yoon, surface yu yomba dagg | Haut | Low (kontrole) |
Kañ nga wara tann xeetu
- Courbe V ak courbe L ñooy tànneef yiñ jagleel bride yu am benn yoon. Dañu soxla jumtukaay yu yomb te méngoo ak volume yu yam wala yu kawe.
- U-bend mooy gëna baax soo soxlaa chaine wala profil luñu la jox. Xaarandi ressort bu gëna kawe ndax ñaari zone coudé dañuy liggéey benn yoon.
- Z-bend sos màndarga offset waaye dajale ressort ci ñaari bërëb yi; waajal toleransi angle yu gëna seere.
- Hemming dafay tëj macceer bi ci barab bi, daanaka du am ressort. Jëfandikool ci catu kaaraange yi wala fuñu soxla surfaasu panelu flush.
- Fomp dafay dox bu baax ci boor yu gudd te jub, fu ensemble V-die bu mat te mënu ñu ko jëfandikoo.
Xayma dooley bënd
Xalaatal dooley bënndam bu jaar yoon mooy moytu presse bi di gëna sargal ba noppi fexe ba bënn bi nekk ci jàmm.
Formul dooley V-Bend
Formul buñ miin ngir dooley flexion V mooy:
P = (C × S × L × T2) / W
Fan:
– P = dooley bërëb biñ soxla (kN)
– C = koeffisientu matris (1,3 ngir V-bend ak ubbite matris = 8T; 1,2 ngir 12T; 1,0 ngir 16T)
– S = dooley traction (MPa)
– L = guddaayu courbe (mm)
– T = yaatuwaayu macceer bi (mm)
– W = yaatuwaayu ubbite matris (mm)
misaal
Joxe: Acier bu woyof (forsu traction 400 MPa), dëgëraay 2.0 mm, guddaayu courbure 500 mm, ubbite matris 16 mm (8 × T), courbure V.
P 2.02) / 16
P = (1,3 x 400 x 500 x 4) / 16
P = 1.040.000 / 16
P = 65 kN (ci diggante 6,6 ton)
Air Bending vs. Bottoming vs. Coining
| Tëralin | Tegtal | Doole jiñ laaj | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courbure à l'air | Punch du toog bu baax; xóotaayu angle bi ñuy saytu | 50-60 % ci dooley suufu | ±0.5° tipik |
| Fous (bride de coin) | Material pressed flat against die walls | 3-5 × dooley courbure ci air | ±0.25° |
| Coining | Tonnage bu mat dafay stampe rayon courbure bi ci biir macceer bi | 5–10 × air bend force | ±0.1° |
Courbure ci air mooy xeetu estampage bi gëna bari luñu koy jëfandikoo ndax dafay jëfandikoo estampage bu gëna ndaw te du am angle bu bari.
Ressort: Xayma ak Njëfandikoo
Luy Springback?
Su perforateur bi dellu ginaaw, recuperation elastique bi dafay tax angle courbure bi ubbeeku tuuti, te rayon courbure bi dafay yokk tuuti. Bii ressort mooy benn ci xët yi gëna mag ci njuumti dimensioŋ yiñ stampe.
Springback Factors
Springback depends on:
– Material yield strength - njuréef bu gëna rëy = gëna bari
– Bend radius-to-thickness ratio (R/T) — R/T bu gëna mag = ressort bu gëna bari
– Angle de courbure — angle yu gëna yaatu ñooy defar ressort bu gëna absolu
– Xeetu jumtukaay — aluminium ak acier inoxydable ressort ci ginaaw gëna asiye bu woyof
Springback Angle Estimation
Xeetu xam-xam bu jëm ci xam-xam:
Δα = (σ_y × R) / (E × T)
Fan:
– Δα = angle de ressort (radians)
– σ_y = dooley produit (MPa)
– R = rayon courbure intérieur (mm)
– E = modulu elastik (MPa)
– T = yaatuwaayu macceer bi (mm)
Soppi radian yi ci degre yi: Δα (degré) = Δα (rad) × 57,3
Table de compensation de courbure excessive
Ngir mëna am angle coudé bi nga bëgg, punch bi dafa wara coudé matériel bi bamu ëpp. Tablo bi ci suuf dafay wane angle over-bend yiñ soxla ngir mëna yegg ci angle bu mujj bu 90°.
| Matériel | Yaatu (mm) | Rasio R/T | Ressort (°) | Angle bu ëpp ngir yegg ci 90° |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asie bu woyof (SPCC) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5–2.0 | 91.5–92.0° |
| Asie bu woyof (SPCC) | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.5 | 91.0–91.5° |
| Asie bu woyof (SPCC) | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 92.5–93.5° |
| Acier inoxydable (SUS304) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.0–4.0 | 93.0–94.0° |
| Acier inoxydable (SUS304) | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0–3.0 | 92.0–93.0° |
| aluminium 5052-h32 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 92.5–93.5° |
| aluminium 5052-h32 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.5–2.5 | 91.5–92.5° |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 4.0–5.5 | 94.0–95.5° |
| Cuivre C110 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0–3.0 | 92.0–93.0° |
Tegtal bu am solo: Deel faral di saytu angle yu ëpp yi ak misaali xët wi njëkk. Valeur theorique yi ñooy point de départ yi - ressort bi dëgg mingi wuute ci lotte matériel bi, yoon wi pepp mi di jaar, ak wear die.
Methods to Control Springback
- Air bending with over-bending - anam wi gëna bari luñu koy jëfandikoo; defar xóotaayu punch ngir kompensaasioŋ.
- Bottoming / coining - dafay forse mbir mi mu méngoo bu baax ak matris bi, wàññi ressort ba ±0.25°.
- Coining rayon de courbure - dafay tampoon ab rayon bu leer ci biir mbiri mbir mi, di wàññi recuperation elastik bi.
- Material selection - tann aleage yu am ratios yi gëna néew ci UTS (lu melni, annealed tempers ci kaw full-hard).
- Costilles en relief ou coinés — yokk ci màndarga gëna dëgëral ci liiñ bu bënn bi ngir baña jëlaat elastik bi.
- Rouleau wala courbure rotatif — dafay forme ndànk-ndànk, séddale deformaasioŋ bi ak wàññi deformaasioŋ elastik bi gëna kawe.
- Courbure assistée par chaleur - ngir alloys yu am doole lool, tàngoor buñ tëral dafay wàññi dooley rendement ak ressort.
Rayon courbure bi gëna ndaw
Soo weesee rayon courbure bi gëna ndaw, loolu dafay xar ci surface bi ci biti. Tablo bi ci suuf dafay joxe tegtal ci valeur yiñ gëna jëfandikoo.
| Matériel | Temper | Min. Rayon de courbure (× T) |
|---|---|---|
| Acier dou (SPCC, DC01) | Annealed | 0.5 T |
| Acier dou (SPCC, DC01) | 1/4 Dëgër | 1.0 T |
| Acier inoxydable 304 | Annealed | 1.0 T |
| Acier inoxydable 304 | 1/4 Dëgër | 2.0 T |
| Stainless Steel 316 | Annealed | 1.0 T |
| Aluminium 1100 | O (Annealed) | 0 T (mën na sëgg ba rayon nul) |
| aluminium 5052-h32 | 1/4 Dëgër | 1,5 T |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | Full Hard | 3.0–4.0 T |
| Cuivre C110 | Annealed | 0 T |
| Cuivre C260 | Annealed | 0 T |
| Cuivre C260 | Genn-wàll bu dëgër | 1.0 T |
| Titanium Grade 2 | Annealed | 2.5–3.0 T |
| Alloy bu woyof bu am doole (HSLA) | As-rolled | 2.0-3.0 T |
Regle yu mag yi:
– Courbe perpendiculairement à la direction de la roulement (direction du grain) su mënee — courbe parallèle à la direction du grain augmenté par %–50
- Temper yu gëna nooy may rayon yu gëna seere. Mandargal macceer annealed sudee courbe yu dëgër yi dañu jafe.
- Ngir aluminium 6061-T6, xar-xar barina ci suufu 3T. Xalaatal 6061-O (annealed) ak defaraat tàngoor ginaaw biñu ko forme.
Common Bending Defects and Solutions
Doonte xayma yi jaar nañu yoon, liggéey bi mën na jur ay jafe-jafe. Tablo bi ci suuf dafay lim jafe-jafe yi gëna bari ak li leen waral.
| Defect | Tegtal | Sabab bu njëkk bi | Saafara |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xar-xar ci kaw suuf | Xar-xar yi ci kaw surfaasu courbe bi | Rayon de flexion bi dafa daŋ lool; matériel bu dëgër lool; juum ci pepp mi | Yokk rayon bi; jëfandikoo température bu gëna woyof; wëlbatiku amul dara 90° ci pepp |
| Springback / angle drift | Angle bu mujj bi ubbeeku na bamu ëpp | Bending bu doywul; ratio R/T bu yéeg | Yokk tukkib punch bi; jëfandikoo matris ci suufu; yokk ci costo coining |
| rides sur le rayon intérieur | Compressive wrinkles on inside of bend | Deformaasioŋ bu ëpp; matériel bu woyof; R/T bu rëy | Wàññil ubbite gi; jëfandikoo wipe bending; yokk ndimbal ci ginaaw |
| Edge distortion | Bord yi dañuy génn wala ñuy sëggal ci courbe bi | Matériel bu amul benn ndànk ci catu courbe bi | Yokk ay lëndëm ci catu; jëfandikoo ubbite bu gëna yaatu; yokk ay pad tëye |
| Twist | Part twists along bend axis | Matériel bu dëgërul; chargement off-centre; anisotropi pepp | Balance doole punch; jëfandikoo ay jumtukaay yuy tere laxasu; xool bu baax |
| Coppite dimension | Guddaayi fiil bi wala barabu bërëb bi nekkul ci spec | Flux matériel lors de courbure; wear d'outils | Nafarwaat dimension yu amul dara; wecci jumtukaay yu màgget; yokk ay pax pilote |
| Surface marring / galling | xoosu wala dajalu macceer ci kaw perforateur/matri | Lubrication bu doywul; surface tooling bu dëgër; | Yokkatal lubrifikaasioŋ; polish surface; jëfandikoo jumtukaay asiye couché |
| Liiñ bu xawa xar ci kaw | Xar-xar bi tàmbali ci bërëb bi wala dagg bi ci wetu bërëb bi | Konsantration stress ci catu màndarga | Yokk ay relief ci koñ yi; |
Bend Die Design Punt yu am solo
Design matris bu jaar yoon mooy fundaasioŋu bending bu dëppoo te baax. Li ci topp dafay wax ci matris yiñ jagleel ak stasioŋ yiñ jagleel ci biir matris yuy yokk.
1. Yaatu ubbite matris
Ubbite matris bi (V-largeur) dafay indi jafe-jafe ci kalite cour bi ak doole jiñ soxla.
Regle bu am solo: W = 6T ba 12T ngir féexal ngelaw; W = 8T mooy barab bi ñuy tàmbalee.
- sew lool: tonnage bu bari, risku punch ci suuf, màrku kaw suuf
- Yaatu lool: njiitu angle bu baaxul, ressort bu ëpp, distorsion ci catu
2. Rayon de punch
Rayon bi ci catu ponch bi dafa wara tollu ci 0.5T ba 1.5T ngir ñu mëna ñaw ci air bi. Rayon bu gëna ndaw dafay yokk tension bi ci surface bi ci biti ba noppi yokk risku xar-xar bi; rayon bu gëna mag dafay yokk ressort bi.
3. Rayon mbagg matris
Rayon mbagg (transition courbe biy joge ci kanamu matris bi dem ci V-cavité) 2T dafay tàmbalee ci 4. Mbagg bu gëna ñaw dafay wàññi rayon courbure bi waaye dafay yokk drag macceer bi ak wear tooling bi.
4. Mbir ak revêtement ngir composants die
| Component | Recommended Material | Surface Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Punch | D2, DC53, wala karbure (ngir volume bu bari) | TiN wala TiCN ngir mu baña yàqu |
| Blok de matris | D2, SKD11 | Krom bu dëgër wala nitrure |
| Pad de pression / dépilateur | A2 wala S7 | Oxyde bu ñuul wala phosphate |
5. Pads ak stripper yu am ressort
Benn pad pression bu am ressort mooy tëye blank bi bu plat bi ñuy bënd, moytu distorsion ci catu boor bi ba noppi tëye position bënd bi ci anam wu jaar yoon. Dooley pad warna nekk 10–20% ci dooley ñaw.
6. Delloosi angle ci matris bi
Ngir defar ay volume yu bari, defar ci angle bu gëna dëgër (bu sukkandiko ci tablo ressort bi ci kaw) moo gën ngay yéem ci réglage xóotaayu presse bi.
- Mild steel: 88–88.5° die angle (punch angle 88°)
- 304 inox: 86-87°
- Aluminum 6061-T6: 84–85° die angle
7. Relief Notches and Pilot Features
Su benn courbe jeexee ci benn boor bride, yokkal benn noche de relief (dafay gëna bari 1.5T × 1.5T) ci courbe biy jeexal ak ci courbe biy jeexal. Ngir pièce yi am positionnement critique, def ci ay pax pilote ci wetu ligne de courbe ngir mëna gis fi matris bi nekk.
8. Defar ak dindi pàcc
Ginaaw buñu ko bënn, wàll wi mën na jàpp punch bi. Waajal ay stripper yu am ressort, ay ejection air, wala ay pin knockout ngir mëna dindi pàcc bu wóor ci bepp stroke.
Jëf yi gëna baax ci defar
- Prototype bi njëkk. Doxal misaali xët bu njëkk bi nga natt ressort bi laata ngay jël dogal ci wàllu jumtukaayi liggéey.
- Xool mbir yiy dugg. Coppite ci dëgëraay, tàngoor, ak yoon wi pepp yi di jaar dañuy indi jafe-jafe ci wàllu ñaw.
- Jëfandikool lubrifiant. Lubrifiant buy gëna dëgër (paraffin chloré wala ester synthetik) dafay wàññi gaal gi ba noppi gëna rafetal surface bi.
- Monitëru soldaar yi. Rayon punch ak rayon mbagg die soppeeku ak jëfandikoo — waajal diggante toppatoo bi sukkandikoo ci limu AVC.
- Bindal lépp. Bindal xóotaayu perforaasioŋ bi, tonaas bi, ak wàll yiñ natt ci tabb bu nekk. Done yii dañu am solo lool ci saafara jafe-jafe yi ak ci jëmmal jumtukaay yi ci kanam.
Laaj yu ñuy faral di laaj
Lan mooy wuutale ñaw ci air, féexal suuf, ak ñaw ci ñaw ci tëggin wen?
Air bending dafay formu coudé bi ci puus matériel bi ci biir matris bi te duñu ko laal bu baax - xóotaayu punch bi mooy doxal angle bi, ba noppi ressort bi dafay compensé coudé bu ëpp. Bottoming dafay tëye macceer bi bamu mat ci kuur yi, wàññi ressort bi bu baax. Coining dafay jëfandikoo doole ju tar ngir mëna def rayon coudé bi ci biir matériel bi, daanaka dindi ressort bi waaye dafay laaj 5-10× tonnage bu gëna bari coudé air bi.
Naka laa mëna xaymaa rayon bi gëna ndaw ci sama macceer?
Yokk yaatuwaayu macceer bi (T) ak facteur rayon courbure bi gëna ndaw ngir sa aleage ak température. Ci misaal, asiye inox 304 annealed amna facteur 1.0T - kon tol bu 2.0 mm mën na ñaw ba ci biir rayon bu gëna ndaw 2.0 mm. Deel faral di bënn perpendiculaire ci yoon wi ngay rolling soo ko mënee, nga xoolaat fiche de données yi ngir xam xeetu aleage yi.
Lu tax sama wàll wi ñaw di dellu ginaaw lu ëpp lima seentuwoon?
Ressort bu ëpp dafay faral di juddoo ci benn wala lu ëpp ci mbir yii: ratio rayon-to-thickness (R/T) bi dafa yaatu lool, dooley produit bi dafa ëpp li ñu wax (xoolal sertifikaa yi), yoon wi pepp mi di jaar dafa paralel lool wala dining. Wàññil R / T, wëlbati lu amul dara, soppi ci température bu gëna nooy, wala jëfandikoo bottoming / coining ngir indi ressort ci ndigalu.
Lan mooy waral xar-xar yi ci bitti surfaasu bërëb bi?
Xar-xar bi ci biti dafay am sudee tension bi ci bitti courbe bi dafa weesu àppu elongation bi ci macceer bi. Sabab yi gëna bari ñooy rayon coudé bi ci suufu macceer bi gëna ndaw (xoolal tablo rayon bi ci kaw), coudé paralel ci yoon wi pepp bi di rolling, macceer bi dëgër lool wala liggéey-hardened, wala rayon punch bu ñaw buy concentrer deformation. Yokkal rayon courbure bi, jëfandikoo macceer annealed, wala nga wëlbati blank bi 90° ci pepp mi.
naka la yaatuwaayu ubbite matris bi di amee ci kalite bënd bi?
Yaatu ubbite V-die (W) mooy saytu rayon courbure bi, doole jiñ soxla, ak ressort bi. Njàngale mu ëpp solo mooy W = 6T ba 12T, ak 8T muy poñ bi ñuy tàmbalee. Ubbite bu gëna sew dafay defar rayon bu gëna seere ak ressort bu néew waaye dafay laaj tonnage bu gëna rëy te mën na jur màrku surface. Ubbite bu gëna yaatu dafay wàññi tonnage bi waaye dafay yokk ressort bi te mën na indi distorsion ci catu boor bi. Defar ubbite bi ak yaatuwaayu macceer bi ak rayon bi nga bëgg.
Mujjental
Courbure estampage en métal liggéey bu jafee xam la. Liggéeyukaay bi am ci digganté màndarga macceer yi, geometrie coudé bi, ak jëmmal jumtukaay bi mooy wane ndax piis bi dina mëna muñ wala dafay mujjee ci pañe mbalit mi. Soo tànnee xeetu courbure bu dëggu bi, xayma doole ak ressort ci anam wu jaar yoon, sargal rayon courbure bi gëna ndaw, ak jëmmal matris yu am compensation bu jaar yoon, di nga mëna am coudé yu baax te mëna baamtu ci volume production.
Soxla nga ab naataango buy bënn bu jaar yoon? Ci Metal Stamping Parts, danuy defar ak defar ay komposaŋ yuñ laxas ñu tàmbalee ci prototype bi dem ba ci liggéey bu bari. Laajte ab devis wala nga jokkool ak sunu ekipu ingénieur ngir waxtaane sa projet bi ci topp.