Karfe bugawa Lankwasawa: Nau'i, Lanƙwasa Lissafi, da Yadda ake Sarrafa Springback

Lankwasawa yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ƙirƙira da aka saba a cikin tambarin ƙarfe. Daga sassauƙan maɓalli zuwa hadaddun shinge, kusan kowane ɓangaren hatimi wanda ke canza alkibla yana dogara ne akan tsarin lankwasawa. Duk da haka duk da saukin sa, lankwasawa yana gabatar da ƙalubalen injiniya na gaske - springback, fashewa, drift mai girma, da lahani na saman - waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙididdige ƙima da ƙira kayan aiki.

Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi tushen tushen Karfe bugawa Lankwasawa: manyan lankwasa iri da kuma lokacin da za a yi amfani da kowane, yadda za a lissafta lankwasa karfi da kuma ramuwa hanyoyin da za a mayar da baya. ka'idodin da ke kiyaye samarwa yana tafiya daidai.

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Menene Lankwasawa a Tambarin Karfe?

A cikin tambarin ƙarfe, lankwasawa shine nakasar filastik na ƙarfe a kusa da madaidaiciyar axis ta amfani da saitin naushi da mutu. Abun da ke kan farfajiyar waje yana miƙewa (tsoro) yayin da saman ciki ya matsa. Tsakanin tsaka tsaki - kusan a 40-44% na kauri daga saman ciki - ya kasance a kusan tsayin tsayi.

Ana iya aiwatar da ayyukan lanƙwasawa a cikin birki na latsa, mutuƙar tambari tare da ginanniyar tashoshi, ko keɓewar mutuwa. Zaɓin ya dogara da sashin lissafi, ƙarar samarwa, da buƙatun haƙuri.

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Nau'in Lankwasawa a Tambarin Karfe

Bayanan martaba daban-daban na lanƙwasa suna buƙatar hanyoyin kayan aiki daban-daban. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana kwatanta nau'ikan lanƙwasawa da aka fi amfani da su wajen yin tambari.

Lokacin Zaɓi Kowane Nau'i

• V-lanƙwasa da L-lanƙwasawa. sune tsoffin zaɓuɓɓuka don flanges masu jagora guda ɗaya. Suna buƙatar kayan aiki mafi sauƙi kuma sun dace da matsakaici-zuwa-girma.
• U-lankwasa yana da kyau lokacin da kuke buƙatar tashoshi ko bayanin martabar tire. Yi tsammanin babban koma baya saboda yankuna biyu na lanƙwasa suna aiki lokaci guda.
• Z-lankwasa yana haifar da sifofi na biya amma yana tara rijiyar daga duka lanƙwasa; tsara don ƙarin jurewar kwana.
• Hemming yana kulle kayan a wurin, kusan kawar da bazara. Yi amfani da gefuna na aminci ko inda ake buƙatar saman panel.
• Share lankwasawa yana aiki da kyau na dogon lokaci, madaidaiciya gefuna inda cikakken saitin V-die zai zama mara amfani.

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Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Ƙarfi

Madaidaicin tsinkayar ƙarfin lanƙwasa yana hana ɗaukar nauyi kuma yana tabbatar da daidaiton ingancin lanƙwasa.

V-Bend Force Formula

Matsakaicin dabara don ƙarfin lankwasawa V shine:

P = (C × S × L × T²) / W

Inda:
– P = karfin lankwasawa da ake buƙata (kN)
– C = mutu coefficient (1.3 don V-lanƙwasa tare da mutuwar buɗewa = 8T; 1.2 don 12T; 1.0 don 16T)
– S = Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Abu (MPa)
– L = tsayin lanƙwasa (mm)
– T = kauri (mm)
– W = mutu nisa na buɗewa (mm)

Misali Na Aiki

An ba da: M karfe (ƙarfin ƙarfi 400 MPa), kauri 2.0 mm, lanƙwasa tsawon 500 mm, mutu bude 16 mm (8 × T), V-lankwasawa.

P = (1.3 × 400 × 500 × 2.0²) / 16
P = (1.3 × 400 × 500 × 4) / 16
P = 6100
P = 65 kN (kimanin 6.6 ton)

Air lankwasawa vs. Bottoming vs. Coining

Lankwasawa iska ita ce mafi yawan hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin samar da bugawa saboda yana amfani da ƙananan ton kuma yana ba da damar daidaitawa na kusurwa ba tare da canza kayan aiki ba.

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Springback: Lissafi da ramuwa

Menene Springback?

Lokacin da naushi retracts, da dan kadan retracts da elasticity na'ura dawo da. Wannan springback shine tushen mafi girman kuskuren girma a cikin hatimi.

Abubuwan Haɓakawa

Springback ya dogara da:
– Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa - mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa = ƙarin springback
– Lanƙwasa radius-to-kauri rabo (R/T) - mafi girma R/T = ƙarin springback
– Lanƙwasa kusurwa — wider angles produce more absolute springback
– Nau'in kayan - aluminum da bakin karfe spring baya fiye da m karfe

Ƙimar Angle Backback

Ƙimar aikin injiniya mai amfani:

Δα = (σ_y × R) / (E × T)

Inda:
– Δα = springback kwana (radians)
– σ_y = Ƙarfin kayan abu (MPa)
– R = ciki lanƙwasa radius (mm)
– E = na roba modulus (MPa)
– T = kauri (mm)

Maida radians zuwa digiri: Δα (deg) = Δα (rad) × 57.3

Sama da Lankwasawa Tebur

Don cimma burin lankwasa niyya, naushi dole ne a kan-lankwasa kayan. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna nau'ikan kusurwoyi na sama da ake buƙata don buga kusurwar ƙarshe ta 90°.

Bayanan kula: Koyaushe tabbatar da kusurwoyin kan-lanƙwasa tare da samfuran rubutu na farko. Ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga sune wuraren farawa - ainihin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ya bambanta da nau'in kayan abu, jagoran hatsi, da mutuƙar lalacewa.

Hanyoyi don Sarrafa Springback

1. Air lankwasawa tare da over-lankwasawa - hanyar da ta fi dacewa; daidaita zurfin naushi don ramawa.
2. Bottoming/coining - tilasta kayan aiki don daidaitawa ga mutuwa, rage raguwa zuwa ± 0.25 °.
3. Haɗa radius lanƙwasa - tambarin madaidaicin radius a cikin kayan, yana rage farfadowa na roba.
4. Zaɓin kayan abu - zaɓi alloys tare da ƙananan rabo-zuwa-UTS (misali, fushin da ba a taɓa gani ba a kan cikakken ƙarfi).
5. Ƙwaƙwalwar haƙarƙari ko ƙira - ƙara fasalin ƙaƙƙarfan gida tare da layin lanƙwasa don tsayayya da farfadowa na roba.
6. Nadi ko juyi lankwasawa - a hankali yana samar da lanƙwasa, rarraba iri da rage damuwa na roba.
7. Lankwasawa mai zafi - don ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, dumama gida yana rage ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa da bazara.

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Tebu mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa Radius

Wucewa mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa radius yana haifar da tsagewa a saman waje. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana ba da ƙimar jagora don kayan gama gari.

Mahimmin ƙa'idodin babban yatsan hannu:
- Lanƙwasa daidai da jagorancin mirgina (alkishin hatsi) lokacin da zai yiwu - lankwasawa a layi daya da hatsi yana ƙara haɗarin fashewa ta 30%.
- Haushi mai laushi yana ba da damar radii mai ƙarfi. Ƙayyade kayan da aka goge idan matsatsin lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci.
- Don aluminum 6061-T6, fatattaka ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasa 3T. Yi la'akari da 6061-O (annealed) da sake yin zafi bayan kafa.

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Lankwasawa gama gari da Magani

Ko da tare da ƙididdiga masu dacewa, lankwasawa samarwa na iya haifar da lahani. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya lissafa batutuwan da suka fi yawa da tushen su.

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Lanƙwasa Die Design Maɓallin Maɓalli

Tsarin mutuƙar da ya dace shine ginshiƙin daidaitacce, lankwasawa mai inganci. Abubuwan lanƙwasa masu zuwa sun shafi duka sadaukarwar mutun lankwasawa da tashoshi masu lanƙwasawa a cikin mutuwar ci gaba.

1. Mutu Faɗin Buɗewa

Buɗewar mutuwa (V-nisa) kai tsaye yana shafar ingancin lanƙwasa da ƙarfin da ake buƙata.

Tsarin Yatsan Yatsa: W = 6T zuwa 12T don lankwasa iska; W = 8T wuri ne na gama-gari.

• Maɗaukaki: babban tonnage, haɗarin bugun ƙasa, alamar ƙasa
• Yayi Fadi: Talauci iko iko, wuce kima springback, gefen murdiya

2. Punch Radius

Radius tip tip yakamata ya zama 0.5T zuwa 1.5T don daidaitaccen lankwasa iska. Ƙananan radius yana ƙara damuwa a saman waje kuma yana haifar da haɗari; radius ya fi girma yana ƙaruwa.

3. Die Shoulder Radius

Die kafada radius (mai lankwasa miƙa mulki daga mutu fuska zuwa V-kogon) yawanci jeri daga 2T zuwa 4T. Ƙaƙƙarfan kafada yana rage ingantaccen radius lanƙwasa amma yana ƙara ja da kayan aiki da lalacewa.

4. Material da Rufe don Mutuwar kayan aikin

5. Abubuwan da aka ɗora na Spring-Loaded Pads da Strippers

A spring- lodin kushin yana riƙe da madaidaicin matsayi a lokacin da ake ɗorawa. Ƙarfin kushin ya kamata ya zama 10-20% na ƙarfin lanƙwasawa.

6. Angular

Don samar da girma mai girma, ginawa a cikin kafaffen kusurwa sama da lankwasa (dangane da teburin bazara a sama) maimakon dogaro da daidaitawar zurfin latsawa. Hannun kusurwoyin mutuwa na yau da kullun don 90° gama tanƙwara:

• Ƙarfe mai laushi: 88-88.5 ° mutuƙar kwana (kwanakin nau'i 88 °)
• Bakin 304: 86-87 ° mutu kwana
• Aluminum 6061-T6: 84-85° mutuƙar kwana

7. Relief Notches and Pilot Features

Lokacin da tanƙwara ta ƙare a gefen ba tare da lanƙwasa ba (Tp 1 × 1). lanƙwasa ƙarshensa don hana ɓarna gefen gefe da tsagewa. Don ɓangarorin da ke da matsayi mai mahimmanci, haɗa da ramukan matukin jirgi kusa da layin lanƙwasa don gano wuri a cikin mutu.

8. Stupping da Part Ejection

Bayan lankwasawa, sashin na iya kama naushi. Shirya masu ɓarkewar bazara, fitar da iska, ko fitilun ƙwanƙwasa don tabbatar da abin dogaro da cire ɓangaren kowane bugun jini.

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Mafi kyawun Ayyuka don Samar da Lankwasawa

1. Samfurin farko. Gudun farko-ma'auni samar da kayan aiki da kayan aiki na farko.
2. Sarrafa kayan shigowa. Bambance-bambance a cikin kauri, fushi, da jagoran hatsi kai tsaye suna shafar daidaiton kusurwar lanƙwasa.
3. Yi amfani da mai. Madaidaicin mai mai mai tambarin (chlorinated paraffin ko ester roba) yana rage galling kuma yana inganta gamawa.
4. Saka idanu lalacewa. Punch radius da mutu kafada radius canza tare da amfani - tsara tazarar kiyaye kariya dangane da adadin bugun jini.
5. Takardun komai. Yi rikodin zurfin naushi, tonnage, da ma'aunin kusurwoyi don kowane saiti. Wannan bayanan ya zama mai kima don magance matsala da ƙirar kayan aiki na gaba.

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Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Menene bambanci tsakanin lankwasa iska, kasa kasa, da kuma yin kwalliya a lankwasa tambarin karfe?

Lankwasawa iska tana samar da lanƙwasa ta hanyar tura kayan cikin mutu ba tare da cikakkiyar lamba ba - zurfin naushi yana sarrafa kusurwar, kuma ana biyan springback ta hanyar lankwasawa. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana danna kayan gabaɗaya a kan bangon mutu, yana rage bazara sosai. Ƙididdigar kuɗi tana aiki da matsananciyar ƙarfi don saita radius na lanƙwasa a cikin kayan, kusan kawar da bazara amma yana buƙatar 5-10 × ƙarin ton fiye da lankwasa iska.

Ta yaya zan lissafta mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa radius na abu na?

ninka kauri (T) ta mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa radius factor don gami da fushinku. Misali, bakin karfe 304 da aka rufe yana da ma'aunin 1.0T - don haka takardar 2.0 mm na iya tanƙwara zuwa mafi ƙarancin radius na 2.0 mm. Koyaushe lanƙwasa daidai gwargwado zuwa mirgina idan zai yiwu, kuma a tuntuɓi bayanan bayanan kayan don takamaiman makin gami.

Me yasa bangarena na lankwashe baya baya fiye da yadda ake tsammani?

Magudanar ruwa mai yawa yakan haifar da ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan abubuwan: lanƙwasa radius-to-thickness ratio (R / T) yayi girma da yawa, ƙarfin samar da kayan abu ya fi girma fiye da ƙayyadaddun (duba takaddun kayan aiki), jagorancin hatsi yana tafiya a layi daya zuwa layin lanƙwasa, ko buɗewar mutuwa ya yi yawa. Rage R/T, jujjuya babu komai, canzawa zuwa zafi mai laushi, ko amfani da ƙasa/coining don dawo da ruwa a ƙarƙashin iko.

Me ke haifar da tsagewa a saman saman lanƙwasa?

Fasa-fashen waje yana faruwa a lokacin da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa a waje na lanƙwasa ya wuce iyakar haɓaka kayan. Dalilai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da lanƙwasa radius a ƙasa mafi ƙarancin kayan (duba teburin radius a sama), lanƙwasawa daidai da alkiblar hatsi, kayan da ke da ƙarfi ko ƙaƙƙarfan aiki, ko radius mai kaifi wanda ke maida hankali. Ƙara radius na lanƙwasa, yi amfani da kayan da aka goge, ko jujjuya babur 90° zuwa hatsi.

Ta yaya faɗin buɗewar mutuwa ke shafar ingancin lanƙwasa?

V-die Faɗin buɗewa (W) yana sarrafa radius na lanƙwasa, ƙarfin da ake buƙata, da bazara. Jagoran gabaɗaya shine W = 6T zuwa 12T, tare da 8T a matsayin mafari gama gari. Ƙunƙarar buɗewa yana samar da radius mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin bazara amma yana buƙatar ton mafi girma kuma yana haifar da alamar ƙasa. Faɗin buɗewa yana rage tonnage amma yana ƙara dawowa kuma yana iya haifar da ɓarna. Daidaita buɗaɗɗen zuwa kaurin kayanku da radius lanƙwasa da ake so.

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Kammalawa

bugun karfe lankwasawa hadaddun aiki ne na yaudara. Matsala tsakanin kaddarorin abu, lanƙwasa lissafi, da ƙirar kayan aiki yana ƙayyade ko wani sashi ya sami haƙuri ko ya ƙare a cikin kwandon shara. Ta hanyar zaɓar nau'in lanƙwasa daidai, ƙididdige ƙarfi da bazara daidai, mutunta ƙaramin lanƙwasa radii, da ƙirƙira ya mutu tare da diyya mai dacewa, zaku iya cimma maimaitawa, lanƙwasa masu inganci a yawan samarwa.

Kuna buƙatar ainihin abokin lankwasawa? A Ƙarfe bugawa Sassan, mu injiniya da samar da al'ada lankwasa sassa daga samfur ta hanyar high girma samarwa. Nemi magana ko tuntuɓi ƙungiyar injiniyarmu don tattauna aikinku na gaba.

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