Awọn ẹya ti o fipa irin jẹ awọn ohun elo irin ti a ṣẹda lati inu irin alapin tabi okun nipasẹ titẹ, fifọ, tẹ, tabi titẹ sita. Wọn farahan ni gbogbo ọja ti a ṣelọpọ - lati awọn panẹli ara adaṣe ati awọn biraketi igbekale si awọn ile ohun elo ati ohun elo ile-iṣẹ. Yiyan iwọn irin ti o tọ jẹ ipinnu pataki julọ ni titẹ irin, nitori pe o ṣe ipinnu fọọmu, agbara, idiyele, weldability, ati ipari dada.
Itọsọna yii n rin nipasẹ diẹ ẹ sii ju 20 awọn ipele irin ti o wọpọ ti a lo ninu titẹ, ṣe afiwe gbigbona-yiyi ati tutu-yiyi, koju awọn italaya ti irin-giga-giga, ati wiwa awọn aṣayan itọju dada ati apẹrẹ-fun-ẹrọ (DFM) awọn iṣẹ ti o dara julọ. Metal Stamping Parts Ltd ṣe ilana ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun awọn toonu ti irin lọdọọdun kọja ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, ile-iṣẹ, ati awọn ohun elo ọja-ọja.
Aṣayan ite irin fun Stamping
Yiyan ipele irin to tọ nilo iwọntunwọnsi awọn ohun-ini ẹrọ, fọọmu, didara oju, ati idiyele. Awọn tabili ti o wa ni isalẹ bo awọn iwọn lilo pupọ julọ ni ile-iṣẹ stamping agbaye.
Tutu-yiyi Awọn onipò Irin (JIS / EN / ASTM)
| Ite (JIS) | EN deede | ASTM deede | C (%) | Mn (%) | Agbara Ikore (MPa) | Agbara Agbara (MPa) | Elongation (%) | r-iye | Ohun elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPCC | DC01 | A1008 CS Iru B | ≤0.12 | ≤0.50 | 140–280 | 270–410 | ≥37 | — | Awọn panẹli idi gbogbogbo, awọn biraketi |
| SPCD | DC03 | A1008 CS Iru A | ≤0.10 | ≤0.45 | 140–260 | 270–390 | ≥39 | ≥1.3 | Drawing applications, shallow draws |
| SPCE | DC04 | A1008 DS Iru A | ≤0.08 | ≤0.40 | 120–240 | 270–370 | ≥41 | ≥1.6 | Deep drawing, automotive inner panels |
| SPCF | DC05 | A1008 DDS | ≤0.06 | ≤0.35 | 110–220 | 270–350 | ≥43 | ≥1.9 | Extra-yíya jinlẹ̀ing, complex shapes |
| SPCG | DC06 | A1008 EDDS | ≤0.02 | ≤0.25 | 100–200 | 270–330 | ≥45 | ≥2.1 | Iyaworan ti o jinlẹ, awọn panẹli ti o han |
| SPFH490 | — | A1011 HSLA 50 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.60 | ≥325 | ≥490 | ≥23 | — | Awọn ẹya igbekale, awọn fireemu ijoko |
| SPFH540 | — | A1011 HSLA 60 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.80 | ≥355 | ≥540 | ≥20 | — | chassis imudara |
Awọn ipele Irin Gbona
| Ite (JIS) | EN deede | C (%) | Agbara Ikore (MPa) | Agbara Agbara (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Ohun elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPHC | DD11 / HR1 | ≤0.15 | ≥205 | ≥270 | ≥27 | Ṣiṣeto gbogbogbo, awọn ẹya ti kii ṣe pataki |
| SPHD | DD12 / HR2 | ≤0.10 | — | ≥270 | ≥30 | Awọn ohun elo iyaworan |
| SPHE | DD13 / HR3 | ≤0.06 | — | ≥270 | ≥33 | iyaworan ti o jinlẹ, adaṣe adaṣe |
| SS400 | S235JR | ≤0.22 | ≥205 | 400–510 | ≥21 | Awọn biraketi igbekalẹ, awọn ẹya ti o wuwo |
| SS490 | S275JR | ≤0.25 | ≥245 | 490–610 | ≥19 | Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti o wuwo |
| SM490A | S355JR | ≤0.20 | ≥275 | 490–610 | ≥22 | Awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ igbekale to nilo weldability |
Irin Agbara giga to ti ni ilọsiwaju (AHSS) Awọn ipele
| Ite | Iru | Ikore (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Tẹ Radius (×t) | Ohun elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP590 | Ipele Meji | 330–410 | ≥590 | ≥20 | 1.0 | Awọn biraketi ti ko ni jamba, awọn imuduro |
| DP780 | Ipele Meji | 440–560 | ≥780 | ≥14 | 1.5 | B-awọn ọwọn, awọn ina bompa |
| DP980 | Ipele Meji | 600–740 | ≥980 | ≥10 | 2.5 | Awọn imudara igbekale |
| DP1180 | Ipele Meji | 850–1050 | ≥1,180 | ≥5 | 4.0 | Ultra-giga biraketi-giga |
| TRIP590 | Irin ajo | 380–460 | ≥590 | ≥24 | 1.0 | Awọn ẹya gbigba agbara |
| TRIP780 | Irin ajo | 450–550 | ≥780 | ≥18 | 1.5 | Awọn ẹya jamba |
| CP780 | Ipele eka | 620–750 | ≥780 | ≥10 | 2.0 | chassis imudara |
| CP1180 | Ipele eka | 900–1100 | ≥1,180 | ≥5 | 3.5 | Awọn ina ifọle ti o lodi si |
| MS1200 | Martensitic | 950–1150 | ≥1,200 | ≥4 | 5.0 | Awọn imuduro bompa, awọn opo ilẹkun |
| FB590 | Ferrite-Bainite | 380–480 | ≥590 | ≥18 | 1.0 | Awọn kẹkẹ, awọn ẹya ẹnjini |
| TWIP980 | TWIP | 400–500 | ≥980 | ≥50 | 0.5 | Awọn ẹya iwuwo ti ojo iwaju |
Awọn giredi Irin alagbara fun Stamping
| Ite | Iru | Ikore (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Oofa? | Ohun elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUS304 | Austenitic | 205 | 520 | ≥40 | No | Awọn panẹli ohun elo, ohun elo ounjẹ |
| SUS301 | Austenitic | 205–510 | 520–1,270 | ≥40–10 | No | Springs, awọn agekuru (iṣẹ-hardens) |
| SUS430 | Ferrite | 205 | 450 | ≥22 | Bẹẹni | gige ohun ọṣọ, awọn paati eefin |
| SUS410 | Martensitic | 205 | 440 | ≥20 | Bẹẹni | Cutlery, àtọwọdá awọn ẹya ara |
| SUS316L | Austenitic | 175 | 480 | ≥40 | No | Marine, kemikali, egbogi |
Fun alaye siwaju sii lori alagbara, irin stamping agbara, wo wa wa irin alagbara, irin stamping iwe.
Gbona-yiyi vs Tutu-yiyi Irin: Ewo ni lati Yan?
Ilana yiyi ni ipilẹ ṣe iyipada didara oju irin, deede iwọn, ati ihuwasi ẹrọ. Ifiwera ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati yan ohun elo ibẹrẹ ti o tọ fun tirẹ irin stamping ohun elo.
| Ohun-ini | Gbona-yiyi (HR) | Tutu-yiyi (CR) |
|---|---|---|
| Didara oju | Mill asekale, ti o ni inira (Ra 3–8 µm) | Dan, mimọ (Ra 0.5–1.5 µm) |
| Ifarada sisanra | ± 0.10–0.15 mm | ±0.02–0.05 mm |
| Ifarada iwọn | ±1.0–2.0 mm | ± 0.2–0.5 mm |
| Iwọn iwọn apapọ | 1.6–12.0 | 2.4 |
| Agbara ikore | Isalẹ (bi-yiyi) | Ti o ga julọ (lile iṣẹ) |
| Elongation | ti o ga julọ | Isalẹ |
| Iye owo fun pupọ | 15–25% isalẹ | ti o ga julọ |
| Dara julọ fun | Awọn ẹya ara igbekale, awọn biraketi wuwo, awọn paati ti ko han | Awọn panẹli ti o han, awọn ẹya ti o ni deede, aijinile-si-alabọde fa |
| Aṣoju stamping mosi | Blanking, atunse, lara | Blanking, iyaworan, ṣiṣẹda, lilu |
| Adhesion Paint | Nilo descaling | O tayọ lẹhin mimọ. |
Ofin ti atanpako: Lo tutu-yiyi fun ohunkohun ti o han, iwọn pataki, tabi ti o nilo iyaworan. Lo gbona-yiyi fun awọn ẹya igbekale nibiti ipari dada ko ṣe pataki ati wiwọn ti o kọja milimita 3.
Agbara-giga: Stamping Steel Stamps
Bi Oko lightweighting iwakọ olomo ti AHSS milaki titun stampers.
Ipenija 1: Ipilẹ Springback ti o pọju
Awọn irin ti o ni agbara ti o ni agbara ti o ni agbara ti o pọju ti 0.65-0.90 (vs. 0.50-0.60 fun irin kekere), ti o nfa atunṣe rirọ pataki lẹhin ti o ṣẹda.
Awọn ojutu:
– Overbend nipasẹ 2–5° da lori ite (igbiyanju-ati-aṣiṣe tabi isanpada-FEA-ifarawe).
- Lo awọn ohun elo iyipo iyipo ti o ṣakoso ṣiṣan ohun elo nipasẹ agbegbe tẹ.
- Waye awọn titẹ servo pẹlu ibugbe siseto ni ile-iṣẹ ti o ku ni isalẹ lati yọkuro apakan ninu ku.
- Awọn ẹya apẹrẹ pẹlu awọn ilẹkẹ lile tabi awọn embossments lati tii apẹrẹ.
Ipenija 2: Accelerated Tool Wear
Lile microstructures (martensite, bainite) ni AHSS abrade ọpa roboto 3-10× yiyara ju ìwọnba irin.
Awọn ojutu:
- Lo D2 tabi DC53 irin ọpa pẹlu PVD ti a bo (TiAlN tabi CrN) fun awọn iwọn didun iwọntunwọnsi.
- Yipada si awọn ifibọ carbide tabi PM (powder metallurgy) awọn irin irin-irin (ASP-23, VANADIS 4E) fun iṣelọpọ ti o ga julọ.
- Mu imukuro ku si 10-12% ti sisanra ohun elo (vs. 5-7% fun irin kekere).
- Waye fiimu gbigbẹ tabi awọn lubricants ti o ga lati dinku ija.
Ipenija 3: Awọn ibeere Welding
AHSS onipò nilo iṣọra alurinmorin paramita Iṣakoso lati yago fun ooru-fowo ibi (HAZ) rirọ.
Awọn ojutu:
- Lo alurinmorin iranran resistance pẹlu iṣakoso lọwọlọwọ adaṣe.
- Mu elekiturodu pọ si ki o si mu akoko mu fun ite kọọkan.
- Wo alurinmorin laser fun awọn isẹpo apọju nibiti iṣakoso HAZ ṣe pataki.
- Soodi agbara weld fun AWS D8.1M tabi OEM-kan pato awọn ajohunše.
Ipenija 4: Cracking at Tight Radii
DP ati martensitic onipò ni lopin elongation (4-14%), ṣiṣe awọn ju-radius bends prone to wo inu.
Awọn ojutu:
- Apẹrẹ ti o kere ju radius tẹ ≥ 2 × sisanra ohun elo fun DP780; ≥ 4× fun DP1180.
- Orient bends papẹndikula si itọsọna yiyi nigbati o ṣee ṣe.
– Lo igbona lara (200-300 °C) fun awọn geometries ti o nbeere julọ.
- Wo awọn òfo welded ti a ṣe deede - lo AHSS nikan nibiti agbara nilo ati irin kekere ni agbegbe ti a ṣẹda.
Awọn aṣayan Itọju Idaju fun Awọn apakan Irin Stamping
Itọju oju n daabobo lodi si ipata, mu irisi dara si, ati imudara ifaramọ kun. Tabili ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe afiwe awọn aṣayan mẹrin ti o wọpọ julọ fun awọn ẹya irin ti ontẹ.
| Itoju | Ilana | Iwọn Aso / Sisanra | Resistance Sokiri Iyọ (awọn wakati) | Adhesion Kun | Weldability Lẹhin Itọju | Owo ibatan | Ohun elo Aṣoju |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electro-galvanized (EG) | Electrodeposition of zinc | 5–15 µm | 200–500 | O tayọ | O dara | Alabọde-Kekere | Awọn panẹli ti a fi han adaṣe adaṣe |
| Hot-dip galvanized (GI) | Immersion in didà zinc | 45–90 g/m² (ẹgbẹ mejeeji) | 300–1,000 | O dara (lẹhin itọju) | Fair | Alabọde | Awọn panẹli ohun elo, HVAC, ikole |
| Phosphating (irin tabi zinc) | Kemikali iyipada | 1–3 µm | 50–150 | O tayọ | O dara | Pupọ Pupọ | Itọju kikun fun gbogbo awọn ẹya irin |
| Electro-coat (e-coat) | Electrophoretic kun | 15–25 µm | 500–1,000 | N/A (ni kikun) | talaka | Alabọde | Automotive underbody, biraketi |
| Dacromet / Geomet | Zinc-aluminium flake | 6–10 µm | 500–1,000+ | Fair | Fair | Alabọde-giga | fasteners, idadoro awọn ẹya ara, ga-ipata |
| Powder ndan | Electrostatic spray + beki | 60–80 µm | 1,000+ | N/A | N/A | Alabọde | Awọn ohun elo ita gbangba, awọn ohun-ọṣọ, awọn ohun-ọṣọ |
Itọsọna Aṣayan:
– Fun Oko ayọkẹlẹ Kilasi A farada roboto: EG + e-aso + topcoat.
- Fun awọn ẹya igbekale ni awọn agbegbe ibajẹ: GI tabi Dacromet.
- Fun awọn biraketi inu ilohunsoke ti o ni iye owo: fosifeti + aṣọ lulú.
- Fun awọn ohun-ọṣọ ti o ga julọ: Dacromet tabi Geomet.
DFM Italolobo fun Irin Stamping Parts
Awọn ipilẹ apẹrẹ-fun iṣelọpọ dinku iye owo ku, mu didara apakan dara, ati kuru awọn akoko asiwaju. Waye awọn itọnisọna wọnyi lakoko ipele imọran lati yago fun awọn atunyẹwo iku gbowolori nigbamii.
Awọn ofin Geometry
- Iwọn ti o kere ju: 0.5 × sisanra ohun elo fun CR ìwọnba irin; 1.0–4.0× fun AHSS (ti o gbẹkẹle ite).
- Kere iho opin opin: ≥ ohun elo sisanra; ≥ 2 × sisanra fun awọn ihò ni awọn agbegbe ti o ni irọra.
- Iwọn flange kere julọ: ≥ 3× ohun elo sisanra + tẹ radius.
- Ogbontarigi-si-te ijinna: ≥ ohun elo sisanra + tẹ rediosi lati dena iparun.
- Iho iṣalaye: Papẹndikula si laini tẹ lati yago fun yiya.
Ifarada Itọsọna
| Ẹya | Achievable Ifarada | Pẹlu Awọn iṣẹ afikun |
|---|---|---|
| Ofo profaili | ± 0.05–0.10 mm | ± 0.02 mm (itanran-blanking tabi irun) |
| Iho ipo | mm ±0.05 | ± 0.02 mm (ifiweranṣẹ-machining) |
| Tẹ igun | ±1° | ± 0.25 ° (tẹ idaduro pẹlu ade CNC) |
| Fifẹ | 0,2 mm / 100 mm | 0.05 mm/100 mm (stamping + titobi) |
| Edge burr | ≤ 0.10 mm | ≤ 0.03 mm (deburring) |
Ohun elo ati Imudara iye owo
- Standardize won kọja awọn ẹya ara ni ohun ijọ.
- Awọn ẹya itẹ-ẹiyẹ daradara lori iṣeto rinhoho - 60–75% iṣamulo ohun elo jẹ aṣoju fun awọn ku ilọsiwaju; ni isalẹ 55% atilẹyin ọja redesign.
- Ro pe ki o ṣajọpọ awọn ẹya pupọ sinu apejọ ti o ni aami kan lati dinku kika apakan ati didapọ awọn iṣẹ.
- Pato itọju dada nikan nibiti o nilo - fifin yiyan tabi ibora agbegbe gba iye owo pamọ.
- Lo ohun ti o jẹ irin stamping awọn ipilẹ lati yan laarin ku ilọsiwaju, ku gbigbe, tabi laini tandem ti o da lori iwọn didun ati idiju.
Awọn ibeere Nigbagbogbo
Kini iyato laarin SPCC ati SPCE irin fun stamping?
SPCC jẹ gbogboogbo-idi tutu-yiyi, irin pẹlu o pọju erogba akoonu ti 0.12%, o dara fun o rọrun bends ati aijinile iyaworan. SPCE ni opin erogba kekere (≤0.08%), manganese kekere (≤0.40%), ati elongation ti o ga julọ (≥41% vs. ≥37%), ti o jẹ ki o dara julọ fun awọn iṣẹ iyaworan jinlẹ. SPCE tun ni iṣeduro r-iye (ipin igara ṣiṣu) ti ≥1.6, afipamo pe o kọju si tinrin lakoko sisọ. Lo SPCC fun awọn biraketi ati awọn ẹya alapin; lo SPCE nigbati apakan naa nilo iyaworan-jinle tabi ṣiṣẹda eka.
Nigbawo ni MO yẹ ki n lo irin ti o gbona dipo irin tutu-yiyi fun titẹ?
Yan irin ti a yiyi gbona nigbati apakan ba jẹ igbekale kuku ju ohun ikunra, iwọn naa kọja 3.2 mm (ni ikọja wiwa ti yiyi tutu pupọ julọ), awọn ifarada iwọn wiwọn ko nilo, tabi idiyele jẹ awakọ akọkọ. Irin ti a ti yiyi gbona jẹ 15-25% kere si fun ton ati pe o ni elongation ti o ga julọ, eyiti o ṣe iranlọwọ ni titẹ ati ṣiṣẹda awọn apakan ti o nipọn. Bibẹẹkọ, dada ọlọ-iwọn rẹ nilo fifẹ tabi yiyan ṣaaju kikun, ati awọn ifarada sisanra jẹ ± 0.10–0.15 mm dipo ± 0.02–0.05 mm fun yiyi tutu.
Bawo ni MO ṣe ṣe idiwọ sisan nigbati o ba tẹ irin alagbara to ti ni ilọsiwaju bi?
Cracking ni AHSS ni igbagbogbo waye ni awọn redio ti tẹ ti o ṣoro ju fun agbara elongation ti ite naa. Fun DP590, apẹrẹ tẹ awọn rediosi ≥ 1 × sisanra ohun elo; fun DP780, ≥ 1.5×; fun DP980, ≥ 2.5×; ati fun awọn onipò martensitic (MS1200), ≥ 5× sisanra. Orient bends papẹndikula si itọsọna yiyi, lo awọn lubricants giga-giga, ki o si gbero gbigbo gbona (200-300 °C) fun awọn geometries ti o nbeere julọ. Ṣiṣe kikopa FEA ṣaaju ki o to ku ikole n ṣe idanimọ awọn eewu fifọ ni kutukutu.
Itọju dada wo ni o dara julọ fun awọn ẹya ara ti irin ti ita gbangba?
Fun ifihan ita gbangba igba pipẹ, galvanizing hot-dip galvanizing (GI) pese iye owo ti o dara julọ-si-idaabobo pẹlu awọn wakati 300-1,000 ti iyọ iyọ iyọ ti o da lori iwuwo ti a bo. Fun awọn ẹya ti o nilo ipari ti ohun ọṣọ, ti a bo lulú lori ilẹ fosifeti kan n funni ni ilodisi ipata ti o dara julọ (fifun iyọ iyọ wakati 1,000) pẹlu awọ ati awọn aṣayan sojurigindin. Dacromet tabi Geomet zinc-aluminiomu flake awọn aṣọ ibora jẹ apẹrẹ fun awọn ohun mimu ati awọn ẹya kekere nibiti aṣọ ti aṣọ sisanra ati eewu hydrogen-embrittlement jẹ awọn ifiyesi.
Kini iwọn lilo ohun elo ti o dara fun titẹ irin ku ti o ni ilọsiwaju?
Iwọn lilo ohun elo ti 60-75% ni a gba pe o dara fun itusilẹ iku ilọsiwaju ti awọn ẹya irin. Awọn oṣuwọn ti o wa ni isalẹ 55% daba pe ifilelẹ apakan yẹ ki o ṣe atunyẹwo fun iṣapeye itẹ-ẹiyẹ - awọn ilọsiwaju ti o wọpọ pẹlu yiyi iṣalaye apakan, pinpin awọn laini gige laarin awọn ẹya ti o wa nitosi, tabi ṣe atunto jiometirika rinhoho gbigbe. Ju 75% iṣamulo jẹ aṣeyọri fun awọn ẹya onigun mẹta ti o rọrun. Eyikeyi ajeku gige yẹ ki o ṣe ayẹwo fun lilo keji-atẹle ti awọn ẹya kekere lati ila kanna.
Ipari
Aṣeyọri irin stamping bẹrẹ pẹlu ibaamu ite si ohun elo naa. Irin ìwọnba (SPCC – SPCE) mu awọn ẹya idi gbogbogbo julọ ni idiyele ni imunadoko, lakoko ti awọn gilaasi AHSS (DP, TRIP, CP, MS) ṣafipamọ awọn iwọn agbara-si-iwọn ti awọn ohun elo ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ati awọn ohun elo ile-iṣẹ beere - ni laibikita fun awọn iṣakoso ilana imuna ati ohun elo irinṣẹ to le. Aṣayan itọju oju oju, ifarada, ati awọn ipilẹ DFM siwaju pinnu boya apakan irin ti a fi ami si n ṣe iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti o gbẹkẹle ni idiyele ifigagbaga.
Ṣetan lati jiroro lori iṣẹ akanṣe irin stamping atẹle rẹ? Olubasọrọ Irin Stamping Parts Ltd fun atilẹyin imọ-ẹrọ, itọsọna yiyan ohun elo, ati agbasọ iṣelọpọ ifigagbaga kan.