Steel ịkụ akara akụkụ bụ metal components kpụrụ si flat steel mpempe akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ eriri igwe site na ịpị, idebe, ekwe, ma ọ bụ pịa na a eserese. Ha na-apụta n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ọ bụla arụpụtara - site na akụkụ ahụ ụgbọ ala na braket arụrụ arụ ruo n'ụlọ akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ. Ịhọrọ ọkwa nchara dị mma bụ otu mkpebi kachasị mkpa na stampụ ígwè, n'ihi na ọ na-ekpebi nhazi, ike, ọnụ ahịa, weldability, na elu elu.
Ntuziaka a na-agafe karịa akara akara nchara iri abụọ a na-eji na stampụ, na-atụnyere mpempe akwụkwọ na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eleba anya n'ihe ịma aka nke ígwè dị elu, ma na-ekpuchi nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ elu na nhazi-maka mmepụta (DFM). Metal Stamping Parts Ltd na-ahazi puku kwuru puku tọn ígwè kwa afọ n'ofe ụgbọ ala, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa ndị ahịa.
Steel ọkwa nhọrọ maka ịkụ akara
Ịhọrọ ígwè ọkwa ziri ezi chọrọ itule n'ibu Njirimara, formability, elu àgwà, na ọnụ ahịa. Tebụl ndị dị n'okpuru na-ekpuchi akara ule a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ akara zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Oyi-Rolled Steel akara ule (JIS / EN / ASTM)
| Ọkwa (JIS) | EN Equivalent | ASTM dakọtara | C (%) | nde (%) | Ike Mpụta (MPa) | Ike Tensile (MPa) | Elongation (%) | r-uru | Ngwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPCC | DC01 | A1008 CS Ụdị B | ≤0.12 | ≤0.50 | 140–280 | 270–410 | ≥37 | — | Nzube izugbe, brackets |
| SPCD | DC03 | A1008 CS Ụdị A | ≤0.10 | ≤0.45 | 140–260 | 270–390 | ≥39 | ≥1.3 | Drawing applications, shallow draws |
| SPCE | DC04 | A1008 DS Ụdị A | ≤0.08 | ≤0.40 | 120–240 | 270–370 | ≥41 | ≥1.6 | Deep drawing, ụgbọala inner panels |
| SPCF | DC05 | A1008 DDS | ≤0.06 | ≤0.35 | 110–220 | 270–350 | ≥43 | ≥1.9 | Extra-deep drawing, complex shapes |
| SPCG | DC06 | A1008 EDDS | ≤0.02 | ≤0.25 | 100–200 | 270–330 | ≥45 | ≥2.1 | Ihe osise dị omimi, akụkụ ekpughere |
| SPFH490 | — | A1011 HSLA 50 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.60 | ≥325 | ≥490 | ≥23 | — | Akụkụ nhazi, okpokolo agba oche |
| SPFH540 | — | A1011 HSLA 60 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.80 | ≥355 | ≥540 | ≥20 | — | chassis nkwado |
Akara igwe na-ekpo ọkụ
| Ọkwa (JIS) | EN Equivalent | C (%) | Ike Mpụta (MPa) | Ike Tensile (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Ngwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPHC | DD11 / HR1 | ≤0.15 | ≥205 | ≥270 | ≥27 | Izugbe akpụ, akụkụ ndị na-adịghị mkpa |
| SPHD | DD12 / HR2 | ≤0.10 | — | ≥270 | ≥30 | Ngwa osise |
| SPHE | DD13 / HR3 | ≤0.06 | — | ≥270 | ≥33 | Ihe osise dị omimi, nhazi ụgbọ ala |
| SS400 | S235JR | ≤0.22 | ≥205 | 400–510 | ≥21 | Ihe nkwado ihe owuwu, akụkụ dị arọ |
| SS490 | S275JR | ≤0.25 | ≥245 | 490–610 | ≥19 | Akụkụ arụrụ arụ ọrụ dị arọ |
| SM490A | S355JR | ≤0.20 | ≥275 | 490–610 | ≥22 | Ndị otu ụlọ na-achọ weldability |
Steel dị elu dị elu (AHSS) akara ule
| Ọkwa | Ụdị | Mpụta (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Bend Radius (×t) | Ngwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP590 | Usoro okpukpu abụọ | 330–410 | ≥590 | ≥20 | 1.0 | brackets na-eguzogide ọgwụ, nkwado |
| DP780 | Usoro okpukpu abụọ | 440–560 | ≥780 | ≥14 | 1.5 | B-ogidi, ihe mgbochi |
| DP980 | Usoro okpukpu abụọ | 600–740 | ≥980 | ≥10 | 2.5 | Nkwado ihe owuwu |
| DP1180 | Usoro okpukpu abụọ | 850–1050 | ≥1,180 | ≥5 | 4.0 | Ultra-high brackets |
| TRIP590 | Njem | 380–460 | ≥590 | ≥24 | 1.0 | Ihe owuwu na-ebu ike |
| TRIP780 | Njem | 450–550 | ≥780 | ≥18 | 1.5 | Ọdịdị okuku |
| CP780 | Usoro mgbagwoju anya | 620–750 | ≥780 | ≥10 | 2.0 | chassis nkwado |
| CP1180 | Usoro mgbagwoju anya | 900–1100 | ≥1,180 | ≥5 | 3.5 | Oghere mgbochi mgbochi |
| MS1200 | Martensitic | 950–1150 | ≥1,200 | ≥4 | 5.0 | Nkwado mgbakasị, okporo ụzọ |
| FB590 | Ferrite-Bainite | 380–480 | ≥590 | ≥18 | 1.0 | Wheel, akụkụ chassis |
| TWIP980 | TWIP | 400–500 | ≥980 | ≥50 | 0.5 | Ọdịdị dị fechaa n'ọdịnihu. |
igwe anaghị agba nchara maka ịkụ akara
| Ọkwa | Ụdị | Mpụta (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Magnetik? | Ngwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUS304 | Austenitic | 205 | 520 | ≥40 | Ọ dịghị | Ogwe ngwa, akụrụngwa nri |
| SUS301 | Austenitic | 205–510 | 520–1,270 | ≥40–10 | Ọ dịghị | Springs, clips (ọrụ-hardens) |
| SUS430 | Ferrite | 205 | 450 | ≥22 | Ee | ihe eji achọ mma, ihe mkpocha |
| SUS410 | Martensitic | 205 | 440 | ≥20 | Ee | Cutlery, akụkụ valvụ |
| SUS316L | Austenitic | 175 | 480 | ≥40 | Ọ dịghị | Ngwa mmiri, kemịkalụ, ahụike |
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ na igwe anaghị agba nchara ike, lee anyị igwe anaghị agba nchara. igwe anaghị agba nchara ịkụ akara ibe.
Hot-Rolled vs Cold-Rolled Steel: Kedu nke a ga-ahọrọ?
Usoro ntụgharị na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mma nchara nchara, nha nha nha na omume igwe. Ntụle dị n'okpuru na-enyere gị aka ịhọrọ ihe mmalite kwesịrị ekwesị maka gị ígwè ịkụ akara ngwa.
| Ngwongwo | Hot-Rolled (HR) | Oyi-akpọgharị (CR) |
|---|---|---|
| Ogo elu | Mill scale, siri ike (Ra 3–8 µm) | dị nro, dị ọcha (Ra 0.5–1.5 µm) |
| Ntachi obi ọkpụrụkpụ | ±0.10–0.15 mm | ±0.02–0.05 mm |
| nnabata obosara | ±1.0–2.0 mm | ± 0.2-0.5 mm |
| Oke nlele | 1.6–12.0 | 0.4 |
| Mpụta ike | Obere (dị ka akpọrepu) | Elu (arụ ọrụ siri ike) |
| Elongation | Higher | Lower |
| Ọnụ kwa ton | 15–25% ala | Higher |
| kacha mma maka | Akụkụ arụrụ arụ, brackets dị arọ, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụ anya | Ogwe ndị a na-ahụ anya, akụkụ ziri ezi, na-emighị emi na-adọta |
| Ụdị ịkụ akara arụmọrụ | Blanking, ekwe, akpụ | Blanking, ịbịaru, akpụ, ịkpọpu |
| Adhesion agba | chọrọ descaling | Magburu onwe mgbe ihicha. |
Iwu nke isi mkpịsị aka: Jiri oyi na-atụgharị maka ihe ọ bụla a na-ahụ anya, dị oke egwu, ma ọ bụ chọrọ eserese. Jiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka akụkụ nhazi ebe imecha elu na-adịghị mkpa ma nlele gafere 3 mm.
Ngwọta dị elu: Steel Stamp
Dị ka ụgbọala lightweighting draịva nkuchi nke AHSSs mil-ochie ngwa ọrụ na-apụghị ihu ọhụrụ akara ule.
Ihe ịma aka 1: Oke Springback
Ngwongwo dị elu na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke 0.65-0.90 (vs. 0.50-0.60 maka ígwè dị nro), na-eme ka mgbake dị ịrịba ama mgbe e mesịrị.
Ngwọta:
- Overbend site 2–5° dabere na ọkwa (nnwale na njehie ma ọ bụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke FEA).
- Jiri ngwaọrụ na-agbagọ agbagọ na-achịkwa ihe na-agafe na mpaghara agbagọ.
- Tinye servo presso na programmable bi na ala nwụrụ anwụ center ka nchegbu-ebelata akụkụ na-anwụ anwụ.
- Imepụta akụkụ nwere beads siri ike ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi iji kpochie ọdịdị.
Ihe ịma aka 2: Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa
Microstructures siri ike (martensite, bainite) na AHSS abrade tool na-ebupụta 3-10 × ngwa ngwa karịa nchara dị nro.
Ngwọta:
- Jiri D2 ma ọ bụ DC53 ngwá ọrụ ígwè na PVD mkpuchi (TiAlN ma ọ bụ CrN) maka agafeghị oke mpịakọta.
- Gbanwee na ntinye carbide ma ọ bụ PM (ntụpọ ntụ ntụ) ígwè ígwè (ASP-23, VANADIS 4E) maka mmepụta dị elu.
- Mmụba nkwụsị ọnwụ na 10-12% nke ọkpụrụkpụ ihe (vs. 5-7% maka ígwè dị nro).
- Tinye ihe nkiri akọrọ ma ọ bụ mmanụ mmanye dị elu iji belata esemokwu.
ịma aka 3: chọrọ ịgbado ọkụ
AHSS akara ule chọrọ iji nlezianya na-achịkwa oke ịgbado ọkụ iji zere ime ka mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara (HAZ).
Ngwọta:
- Jiri ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na njikwa ugbu a.
- Kwalite ike electrode ma jide oge maka ọkwa ọ bụla.
- Tụlee ịgbado ọkụ laser maka nkwonkwo butt ebe njikwa HAZ dị oke mkpa.
- Kwado ike weld kwa AWS D8.1M ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara nke OEM.
Ihe ịma aka 4: Ịgbawa na Tight Radii
DP na martensitic grades nwere oke elongation (4-14%), na-eme ka radius siri ike na-ehulata na-adaba na mgbawa.
Ngwọta:
- Chepụta kacha nta gbagọ radius ≥ 2× ihe ọkpụrụkpụ maka DP780; ≥ 4 × maka DP1180.
- Orient na-ehulata n'akụkụ ntụgharị mpịakọta mgbe enwere ike.
- Jiri nhazi ọkụ (200-300 °C) maka geometry kacha achọ.
- Tụlee oghere welded ahaziri - jiri AHSS naanị ebe ike dị mkpa yana nchara dị nro na mpaghara a kpụrụ.
Nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ elu maka akụkụ stampụ ígwè
Ọgwụgwọ n'elu na-echebe megide corrosion, na-eme ka ọdịdị dị mma, na-eme ka nrapanye agba. Tebụl dị n'okpuru na-atụnyere nhọrọ anọ a na-ahụkarị maka akụkụ ígwè stampụ.
| Ọgwụgwọ | Usoro | mkpuchi arọ / ọkpụrụkpụ | Nguzogide nnu nnu (awa) | Agba Adhesion | Weldability After Treatment | Ọnụ ego | Ngwa a na-ahụkarị |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electro-galvanized (EG) | Electrodeposition nke zinc | 5–15 µm | 200–500 | Dị oke mma | Ezi | Ọkara dị ala | Oghere ekpughere akpaaka |
| Hot-mikpu galvanized (GI) | imikpu n'ime zinc a wụrụ awụ | 45–90 g/m² (akụkụ abụọ) | 300–1,000 | Ọma (mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị) | Fair | Ọkara | Ogwe ngwa, HVAC, ihe owuwu |
| Phosphating (ígwè ma ọ bụ zinc) | Chemical conversion | 1–3 µm | 50–150 | Dị oke mma | Ezi | Dị obere | ọgwụgwọ tupu agba maka akụkụ ígwè niile |
| Electro-coat (e-coat) | Electrophoretic agba | 15–25 µm | 500–1,000 | N/A (bụ agba) | Ogbenye | Ọkara | ụgbọala underbody, brackets |
| Dacromet / Geomet | Zinc-aluminom flake | 6-10 µm | 500–1,000+ | Fair | Fair | Ọkara-Elu | fasteners, nkwusioru akụkụ, elu-corrosion |
| Powder mkpuchi | Electrostatic spray + ime achịcha. | 60–80 µm | 1,000+ | N / A (is) | N/A | Ọkara | Ngwongwo n'èzí, ngwá ụlọ, ihe mkpuchi |
Ntuziaka nhọrọ:
- Maka ụgbọ ala klaasị A kpughere: EG + e-coat + topcoat.
- Maka akụkụ ihe owuwu na gburugburu corrosive: GI ma ọ bụ Dacromet.
- Maka ọnụ ahịa dị n'ime ime ụlọ: phosphate + mkpuchi ntụ ntụ.
- Maka ihe mgbochi corrosion dị elu: Dacromet ma ọ bụ Geomet.
Ndụmọdụ DFM maka akụkụ ịkụ akara ígwè
Ụkpụrụ imewe-maka mmepụta na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọnwụ, melite ogo akụkụ, ma belata oge ndu. Tinye ntuziaka ndị a n'oge usoro echiche iji zere nlegharị anya ọnwụ dị oke ọnụ ma emechaa.
Geometry Iwu
- Obere gbagọrọ agbagọ radius: 0.5× ihe ọkpụrụkpụ maka CR nwayọọ ígwè; 1.0–4.0 × maka AHSS (ọkwa dabere).
- dayameta oghere kacha nta: ≥ ihe ọkpụrụkpụ; ≥ 2 × ọkpụrụkpụ maka oghere na gbatịa-flanged ebe.
- obosara flawa pere mpe: ≥ 3× ihe ọkpụrụkpụ + ekwe radius.
- anya-na-ehulata anya: ≥ ihe ọkpụrụkpụ + gbagọọ radius iji gbochie mgbagha.
- oghere uzo: Perpendicular na ahịrị gbagọ ka ịzere dọkasịa.
Nduzi ntachi obi
| Njirimara | Achievable Tolerance | Na Mgbakwunye Operations |
|---|---|---|
| Profaịlụ oghere | ±0.05–0.10 mm | ±0.02 mm (ezigbo idebe ma ọ bụ ịkpụ ntutu) |
| Oghere oghere | ±0.05 mm | ±0.02 mm (post-machining) |
| Bend angle | ±1° | ±0.25° (pịa breeki na CNC okpueze) |
| Ọkpụkpọ | 0.2 mm/100 mm | 0.05 mm/100 mm (ịkụ akara + nha) |
| Edge burr | ≤ 0.10 mm | ≤ 0.03 mm (deburring) |
Nkwalite ihe na ọnụ ahịa
- Standardize nlele gafee akụkụ na mgbakọ.
- Akụkụ akwu nke ọma na nhazi warara - 60-75% iji ihe eji eme ihe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ọnwụ na-aga n'ihu; n'okpuru 55% ikike redesign.
- n'ime otu akụkụ iji wedata n'ime otu akụkụ na-ejikọta ọnụ na-ejikọta ọnụ. arụmọrụ.
- Ezipụta ọgwụgwọ elu naanị ebe ọ dị mkpa - nhọrọ plating ma ọ bụ mkpuchi mpaghara na-echekwa ọnụ ahịa.
- Jiri Gịnị bụ ịkụ akara ígwè ntọala ịhọrọ n'etiti ọnwụ na-aga n'ihu, ịnwụ na-ebufe, ma ọ bụ ahịrị tandem dabere na olu na mgbagwoju anya.
Ajuju Ajuju
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti SPCC na SPCE ígwè maka stampụ?
SPCC bụ nchara oyi na-atụ n'ozuzu ya nwere oke carbon nke 0.12%, dabara adaba maka mgbanaka dị mfe na eserese na-emighị emi. SPCE nwere oke carbon dị ala (≤0.08%), manganese dị ala (≤0.40%), yana elongation dị elu (≥41% vs. ≥37%), na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ịrụ ọrụ eserese miri emi. SPCE nwekwara nkwa r-uru (plastic strain ratio) nke ≥1.6, nke pụtara na ọ na-egbochi mkparị n'oge ịgbatị. Jiri SPCC maka braket na akụkụ dị larịị; jiri SPCE mgbe akụkụ ahụ chọrọ nhazi miri emi ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju anya.
Kedu mgbe m ga-eji igwe na-ekpo ọkụ karịa igwe oyi na-atụ maka stampụ?
Họrọ nchara na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe akụkụ ahụ bụ ahaziri kama ịchọ mma, ihe nlele ahụ karịrị 3.2 mm (karịa nnweta a na-atụgharị oyi), anaghị achọ nnabata akụkụ siri ike, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mbụ. Igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-efu 15-25% obere kwa ton ma nwee elongation dị elu, nke na-enyere aka na-ehulata na ịmepụta akụkụ dị ukwuu. Agbanyeghị, elu igwe igwe ya na-achọ ịgbawa ma ọ bụ ịchachaa tupu eserese, yana oke ndidi bụ ± 0.10–0.15 mm karịa ± 0.02–0.05 mm maka agbagharị oyi.
Kedu otu m ga-esi gbochie mgbawa mgbe ị na-apịa ígwè dị elu dị elu?
Ịgbawa na AHSS na-emekarị na radius gbagọrọ agbagọ nke siri ike maka ike elongation grade. N'ihi na DP590, imewe ekwe ekwe radii ≥ 1 × ihe ọkpụrụkpụ; maka DP780, ≥ 1.5 ×; maka DP980, ≥ 2.5 ×; yana maka akara ule martensitic (MS1200), ≥ 5 × ọkpụrụkpụ. Orient na-ehulata n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ na ntụgharị ntụgharị, na-eji mmanu na-enwe nrụgide dị elu, ma tụlee ikpo ọkụ (200-300 Celsius) maka geometry kacha achọ. Ịrụ simulation FEA tupu arụ ọrụ anwụ anwụ na-achọpụta ihe egwu dị egwu n'oge.
Gịnị n'elu ọgwụgwọ kacha mma n'èzí nchara ịkụ akara akụkụ?
N'ihi na ogologo oge n'èzí ikpughe, na-ekpo ọkụ-mikpu galvanizing (GI) na-enye kasị mma na-eri-na-nchekwa ruru na 300-1,000 awa nke nnu ịgba iguzogide dabere na mkpuchi ibu. Maka akụkụ ndị chọrọ imecha ihe ịchọ mma, mkpuchi ntụ ntụ n'elu elu phosphated na-enye ezigbo nguzogide corrosion (1,000+ awa nnu nnu) na nhọrọ agba na ụdị. Dacromet ma ọ bụ Geomet zinc-aluminom flake mkpuchi dị mma maka fasteners na obere akụkụ ebe mkpuchi ọkpụrụkpụ edo edo na hydrogen-embrittlement ize ndụ bụ nchegbu.
Gịnị bụ ezigbo ihe onwunwe itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego maka na-aga n'ihu ọnwụ ígwè ịkụ akara?
A na-ahụta ọnụọgụ ihe eji eme ihe nke 60-75% dị mma maka ịkụ akara anwụ na-aga n'ihu nke akụkụ ígwè. Ọnụego dị n'okpuru 55% na-atụ aro ka enyocha nhazi akụkụ ahụ maka njikarịcha akwu - nkwalite ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ntụgharị ntụgharị akụkụ, ịkekọrịta ahịrị mkpụbelata n'etiti akụkụ ndị dị n'akụkụ, ma ọ bụ imegharị geometry nke ụgbọelu. Ihe karịrị 75% itinye n'ọrụ bụ maka akụkụ akụkụ anọ dị mfe. Ekwesịrị ịtụle mpempe mkpụbelata ọ bụla maka mwepu akụkụ ndị pere mpe site na otu warara.
Mmechi
Igwe nchara na-aga nke ọma na-amalite site na nhata ọkwa na ngwa. Nchara dị nro (SPCC-SPCE) na-ejikwa ọtụtụ akụkụ ebumnuche izugbe na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma, ebe akara AHSS (DP, TRIP, CP, MS) na-ebuga oke ike na ịdị arọ nke ngwa ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ - na-efunahụ njikwa usoro siri ike yana ngwa ngwa siri ike. Nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ elu, nnabata, na ụkpụrụ DFM na-ekpebi ma akụkụ igwe akara akara na-enye arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na ọnụ ahịa asọmpi.
Ị dịla njikere ikwurịta ọrụ ịkụ akara ígwè gị ọzọ? Kpọtụrụ Metal Stamping Parts Ltd maka nkwado injinia, ntụzịaka nhọrọ ihe, yana nkwuputa mmepụta asọmpi.