Ọrụ stampụ igwe ọ bụla na-ezute ntụpọ - burrs, cracks, wrinkles, springback, and surface scratches bụ akụkụ nke usoro. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọsọ mmepụta na-erite uru na mkpofu bụ ngwa ngwa ị na-achọpụta ihe kpatara ya wee mejuputa ihe ndozi. Na Akụkụ stampụ igwe, anyị àgwà otu edekọla n'elu 200 ntụpọ ụkpụrụ gafee 20+ afọ nke na-aga n'ihu anwụ, nyefe anwụ, na miri ịbịaru ịkụ akara. Ntuziaka a na-ekerịta ntụpọ ndị a na-ahụkarị, ihe kpatara ya, yana omume mmezi egosipụtara.
ntụpọ stampụ bụ ngbanwe ọ bụla sitere n'akụkụ akụkụ, elu ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ akọwapụtara nke akụkụ akara akara, nke ihe onwunwe kpatara, ọnọdụ anwụ, akụkụ pịa, ma ọ bụ okwu mmanu n'oge usoro nhazi.
Ihe nlebanya nlebanya igwe stampụ a na-ahụkarị
ntụpọ stampụ dabara n'ụdị ise dabere na ebe ha siri pụta. Ịghọta udi ahụ na-ebelata ohere nchọpụta nsogbu:
- Nrụrụ ihe - ekwekọghị ekwekọ ekwekọ, ọkpụrụkpụ ọdịiche, inclusions, ọka direction okwu
- anwụghị ntụpọ - eyi n'ọnụ, ntinye chipped, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ezighi ezi, nkwụsị na-ezighi ezi
- ntụpọ pịa - mgbanwe ụda, mmịfe na-adịghị mma, enweghị nkwekọ ọsọ, nrụgide nkuchi
- ntụpọ mmanu mmanu - mmanu ezughi oke, viscosity na-ezighi ezi, mmetọ ngwa, uneven.
- Nrụpụta chepụta - radii siri ike, oke eserese ezughị oke, mmepe oghere na-adịghị mma, ihe enyemaka efu
Nhazi Burr na Okwu Mma Edge
Burrs bụ ntụpọ stampụ a na-ahụkarị - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ọ bụla na-apụ apụ na ịkpọpu na-arụpụta ọkwa ụfọdụ. Ajụjụ bụ ma elu burr karịrị nkọwapụta.
Mgbọrọgwụ ihe na-akpata oke oke.
- Punch na-eyi ma ọ bụ nwụọ n'akụkụ - ihe kpatara #1. Punch ọnụ na-ada nwayọ nwayọ na ọrịa strok ọ bụla. Ngwá ọrụ ígwè carbon na-efunahụ nkọ mgbe 500,000–1,000,000 hits; carbide na-ejigide mma ihu maka ihe karịrị 5,000,000+ hits.
- Nwepu ezighi ezi - mkpochapụ nke siri ike ma ọ bụ obosara nke ukwuu na-emepụta ụkpụrụ burr dị iche iche. Nchapụta kacha mma bụ 5-8% nke ọkpụrụkpụ ihe n'otu akụkụ maka idebe ihe n'ozuzu, 3-5% maka ọrụ ziri ezi.
- Mgbanwe ihe ike siri ike - ihe na-abata siri ike karịa nke akọwapụtara chọrọ ike ịkpacha ihe, na-emepụta rollover na burr. Nyochaa ike nke eriri igwe na-abata megide nkọwapụta nrụpụta anwụ.
- Off-center loading - akụkụ asymmetric ma ọ bụ oghere gbadoro ụkwụ na-ezighi ezi na-ebute ntinye aka na-edoghị anya n'ịnwụ anwụ, na-etinye uche na-eyi n'otu akụkụ.
Mmezi mmezi
| Mgbaama | Mkpọrọgwụ Mkpọrọgwụ | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Burr na-abawanye nke nta nke nta ka oge na-aga | Edge wear | Weghachite ntụmadị/anwụ; guzobe etiti mgbochi mgbochi |
| naanị akụkụ Burr | nbudata ma ọ bụ nhazi na-adịghị na etiti. | Lelee ntu n'otu n'otu, ntinye aka pilot, okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu. |
| Burr sitere na ọrịa strok mbụ | Mwepu nke ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke siri ike | Nwepu nha; re-shim ma ọ bụ ọzọ-egweri na spec |
| Burr na-adịte aka na akụkụ na-enweghị usoro | Mgbanwe ihe ike siri ike | Nyochaa ihe na-abata; ikesi ike na-abata nnyocha |
mgbawa na mgbaji n'oge a na-emepụta
mgbawa na-eme mgbe ụdị etinyere karịrị ike elonging ihe onwunwe. Nke a bụ ụdị ntụpọ kachasị ọnụ - akụkụ gbawara agbawa bụ 100% scrap.
Ụdị mgbawa a na-ahụkarị
- Edge cracking - cracks malite na mbepụ nsọtụ nke oghere, propagating n'ime kpụrụ ebe. Ihe kpatara mgbakasị mgbakasị nke burr kpatara, ọnọdụ ihu site na akpacha ajị anụ, ma ọ bụ ihe nwere oke nkwụ ogologo (AHSS grades).
- Radius cracking - mgbawa na mpụta elu nke ehulata ma ọ bụ see radius. Ihe kpatara ya site na radius siri ike maka opekempe ihe ehulata radius, ma ọ bụ na-ehulata na ntughari na ntụgharị.
- Ntugharị nhịahụ-na-mgbawa - na eserese miri emi, oke ihe njide oghere na-egbochi mkpụkọ mana na-eme ka mgbidi ahụ gbajie, na-ebute mgbaji na radius anwụ.
- Corner cracking - mgbawa n'akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ anọ na-adọta ebe ihe na-agbatị n'akụkụ abụọ n'otu oge. Na-achọ ka ịse beads ma ọ bụ addendum geometry iji jikwaa mgbaba ígwè.
Usoro mgbochi
- Nyochaa elongation ihe - ihe na-abata aghaghi izute kacha nta elongation (dịka, ≥37% maka SPCC, ≥41% maka SPCE). Rịọ akụkọ nyocha igwe igwe jiri eriri igwe ọ bụla.
- nkwanye ugwu kacha nta gbagọọ radii - annealed 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara: 1.0T; 6061-T6 aluminum: 3.0T; DP780 ígwè: 1.5T. Chepụta radii ≥ kacha nta maka alloy na iwe gị.
- Orient na-ehulata perpendicular na ntụzịaka ọka --ehulata n'otu n'otu na ntụgharị ntụgharị na-ebelata elongation dị site na 20-40%.
- Jiri FEA simulation - na-emepụta sọftụwia ịme anwansị (AutoForm, PAM-STAMP, LS-DYNA) na-ebu amụma nrịanrịa, mgbawa, na mgbawa tupu arụ ọrụ anwụ. Ihe ngosi $5,000 nwere ike igbochi ọrụ ịnwụ $50,000.
Wrinkling na akụkụ dị omimi
Wrinkling na omimi ịbịaru na-eme mgbe mkpakọ hoop nrụgide na flange gafere ihe onwunwe simulation n'ime flange iguzogide w. ọrịa strok.
Wrinkling bụ ogbo na cracking - obere oghere njide nrụgide na-enye ohere wrinkles; nke ukwuu na-akpata mgbawa. Ịchọta windo kacha mma bụ ihe ịma aka dị n'etiti mmepe nke ihe omimi dị omimi.
Mkpọrọgwụ na-akpata
- Ike njide oghere ezughi oke - ihe kacha akpata ya. Na-abawanye nrụgide nkuku nke nta nke nta ruo mgbe wrinkles ga-apụ n'anya na-eme ka ọ dị nro.
- Oke ihe osise - oke ihe osise bụ ~ 2.0 maka ígwè, ~ 1.8 maka igwe anaghị agba nchara na aluminom. N'ịgafe nke a chọrọ ịse ọtụtụ ọkwa na mgbake etiti.
- mmanu na-adịghị mma - ngafe mmanu n'otu akụkụ na-ebelata esemokwu na mpaghara, na-ekwe ka mpaghara ahụ na-eri nri ngwa ngwa na ikechie.
- oghere oghere - oghere oghere maka iko gburugburu; oghere ndị na-abụghị okirikiri chọrọ ụdị kachasị mma (mepụtara site na FEA ma ọ bụ nnwale) iji ha nhata nchara ígwè.
Mmezi mmezi
- Mụbaa ike njide oghere na mmụba 5-10% ruo mgbe ewepụsịrị wrinkles
- Tinye beads eserese iji chịkwaa eruba igwe na mpaghara ụfọdụ
- Gbanwee site na oghere oghere dị larịị ka steepụ ma ọ bụ contoured profaịlụ njide oghere
- Ọ bụrụ na nha eserese gafere oke otu ọkwa, gbakwunye ọdụ redraw
- Belata viscosity mmanu mmanu ma ọ bụ gbanwee gaa na mmanu mmanu dị elu n'akụkụ njide oghere.
Njehie Dimensional Springback
Springback bụ nke na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eme ka ewepụrụ ya na mbụ. udi. Ọ bụ otu kachasi ebe njehie akụkụ dị na bends ndị a kpụrụ akpụ.
Springback na-emetụta akụkụ ọ bụla gbajiri agbagọ ma ọ bụ kpụrụ. Ogo ya na-adabere n'ike mkpụrụ ihe onwunwe, rute radius-to-thickness ratio (R/T), na ihu ihu. Nchara siri ike (AHSS) na aluminom alloys na-egosipụta nke ukwuu n'azụ azụ karịa nchara dị nro.
Na-atụle Springback
- igwe dị nro (SPCC): 0.5–1.5° springback na 90° gbagọ, R/T = 1
- igwe anaghị agba nchara 304: 2–4° springback n'otu ọnọdụ
- DP780 AHSS: 4–8° springback — na-achọ nkwụghachi ike ike
- 6061-T6 aluminom: 3–5° springback
Ụzọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ
- Overbending - chepụta akụkụ anwụ ka ọ gafere site na ego azụghachi azụ nke amụma. Kacha dị irè maka mfe bends.
- Bottoming/coining - jiri ike dị oke egwu na-etinye nrịda, na-ebelata mmiri azụ na nso efu. Na-achọ 5-10 × ikuku na-ehulata ụda.
- R/T mgbanwe — tighter punch radius na-ebelata mmiri azụ mana na-abawanye ihe egwu. Chọta radius kacha nta nke na-adịghị agbawa.
- na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpụ - maka akara AHSS n'elu 980 MPa, ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na 200-300 Celsius na-ebelata n'ụzọ dị egwu ma na-ejigide ike mgbe ọ kwụsịrị.
Ọdịiche dị n'elu: Scratches, Galling, and Pickup
ntụpọ dị n'elu n'oge ịkụ akara sitere na mkparịta ụka die-workpiece. Mbufe ọla (ịkụnye ọkụ), nhịhịa abrasive, na ịnwụ anwụ na-emepụta akara a na-ahụ anya nke na-adịghị anabata maka ihe ịchọ mma ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ.
Galling na Metal Nyefee
Galling na-eme mgbe ịgbado ọkụ microscopic n'etiti workpiece na anwụ n'elu na-enyefe ihe na-anwụ anwụ, na-eke nke nta nke nta ka njọ na akụkụ ndị na-esote. Igwe anaghị agba nchara Austenitic (304, 301) bụ onye mmejọ kacha njọ n'ihi na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọdịdị nrapado ya.
- Mgbochi: jiri ngwá ọrụ mkpuchi (TiN, TiAlN, DLC), mee ka ike dị elu na-anwụ anwụ na ≥60 HRC, tinye mmanụ ọkụ dị elu na EP (oke nrụgide) mgbakwunye, belata mmepụta ọsọ ọsọ.
- Ngwọta anwụ anwụ: Polish anwụ na-ebupụta ihe ọ bụla strok 10,000-50,000; akwa akwa mgbe mkpuchi na-egosi iyi.
Die Marks and ịkụ akara Lines
- ahịrị anwụ - ewelitere ahịrị n'elu akụkụ nke kwekọrọ na ntụgharị redio nwụrụ anwụ. Polish anwụ radii ka Ra ≤ 0.2 µm maka ihe ịchọ mma akụkụ.
- ahịrị gbatịa (Lüders bands) - ahịrị ndị a na-ahụ anya n'elu elu igwe nwere obere carbon si na-akwụsị ekwenye. Wepu site n'ịkọwapụta nchara nke akpụkpọ ahụ gafere (ewe iwe ọkụ) ma ọ bụ site n'ịkwado oghere ahụ 2-3%.
- Pickup - aluminom na ọla kọpa alloys nwere ike itinye ihe n'elu anwụ anwụ. Jiri chrome-plated ma ọ bụ na-egbu maramara carbide anwụ na mmanu kwesịrị ekwesị.
Dimensional Non-Conformance
Agafee azụ azụ, ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ebute ọdịda akụkụ na akụkụ akara akara:
- Ihe ọkpụrụkpụ ọdịiche — ± 10% ọkpụrụkpụ ọdịiche dị na eriri igwe na-abata na-atụgharị ozugbo na ± 10% mgbanwe na akụkụ akụkụ kpụrụ. Tụpụta nnabata ọkpụrụkpụ siri ike (± 0.05 mm maka akụkụ ziri ezi) wee chọpụta ihe na-abata.
- Die wear - ọdụ ụgbọ anwụ na-aga n'ihu na-eyi na ọnụego dị iche iche. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ole na ole mbụ na-eyikarị ngwa ngwa karịa ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ. Sochie usoro n'usoro iji buru amụma mgbe achọrọ mgharịgharị.
- Mgbasa ọkụ - ịkụ akara dị elu (600+ SPM) na-ebute okpomọkụ na ọnwụ, na-eme ka uto okpomọkụ. N'ime ọrụ nkenke, jiri coolant na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na imewe na-anwụ site na nkwụghachi ọkụ.
- warara nri ziri ezi - na-aga n'ihu anwụ pitch ziri ezi na-adabere na ndepụta mpịakọta ọnọdụ na pilot pin aka. Mpempe akwụkwọ nri na-eyi akwa na-akpata njehie pitch ± 0.1-0.3 mm, na-agbakọta n'ofe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Mmekọahụ metụtara ihe
Ntinye na Laminations
Ntinye na-abụghị ọla (oxides, sulfides) na igwe microstructure nchara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpata nchekasị, na-akpata mgbawa n'oge akpụ ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ akaghi aka na ọrụ. Ntinye n'elu ogo ASTM E45 Ụdị A 2.0 ma ọ bụ Ụdị B 1.5 kwesịrị ịkpalite njụta ihe maka akụkụ dị oke mkpa.
Edge Cracking na AHSS
Advanced elu-ike steels (DP, TRIP, CP grades) nwere nke ukwuu ala ihu agbatị karịa nwayọọ ígwè. Ọnụ akpụcha ajị nke na-adị ndụ na-etolite na SPCC nwere ike ịgbawa na DP780. Mbelata: jiri laser ịkpụ ma ọ bụ egweri n'ọnụ kama n'ọnụ ajị anụ maka ngwa gbatịa-flange; ezipụta mma ihu na eserese (ịdị elu burr, omimi rollover).
Elu Peel oroma
Oke ọka na-eto eto (site na ịchafụ na oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ogologo oge) na-emepụta ụdị "peel orange" a na-ahụ anya n'elu ebe a kpụrụ. Control annealing okpomọkụ ± 10 ° C na ezipụta kacha ọka (ASTM E112 ọka size nọmba ≥ 6 maka ịchọ mma akụkụ).
Nchọpụta nsogbu ngwa ngwa
| ntụpọ | Lelee mbụ | Lelee nke abụọ | Nyocha nke atọ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burr | Edge nkọ (nchịkwa) | mkpochapụ (atụ) | Isi ike ihe |
| Crack (radius) | Radius vs opekempe spec | ntụzịaka ọka | Ihe elongation |
| mgbawa (ọnụ) | Edge ọnọdụ (burr) | ọkwa ihe (AHSS) | Ebe dị anya-na-ehulata |
| Wrinkle | Ike njide oghere | nha nha | mmanu mmanu |
| Springback | R/T ruru | ike mkpụrụ ihe | anwụ akwụ ụgwọ |
| Scratch/galling | anwụ elu ọnọdụ | Ụdị mmanu mmanu | anwụ mkpuchi |
| Dimensional out | ọkpụrụkpụ ihe | Die wear ọdụ | izi ezi nri |
Nlekọta mgbochi maka mgbochi mgbochi
Ụzọ kacha akwụ ụgwọ maka ịkụ akara ntụpọ njikwa bụ mgbochi site na nhazi usoro anwụ anwụ:
- ọ bụla mgbanwe: nlele anya nke akụkụ mbụ na nke ikpeazụ; lelee maka burrs, mgbawa, na akara elu
- strok ọ bụla 10,000-25,000: tụọ akụkụ dị egwu na akụkụ sample; lelee àgwà ihu
- Kwa 50,000-100,000 ọrịa strok: nyocha ọnwụ zuru oke; tụọ ntụmadị-ịnwụ; lelee pin pin na bushings
- Kwa 200,000 ọrịa strok: nhụsianya anwụ zuru oke, nhicha, ntugharị ọnụ, na nnọchi akụrụngwa
- Track SPC data - usoro akụkụ na-ekpughe nsogbu ndị na-emepe emepe tupu ha emepụta ihe mkpofu. Mbelata cpk sitere na 1.5 ruo 1.2 na-egosi na ọ dị mkpa nrụzi ọnwụ.
Ajuju Ajuju
Kedu ihe na-ebutekarị burrs na ịkụ akara metal?
Ntu oyi na-egbu egbu na akụkụ anwụ bụ ihe kpatara 70-80% nke mkpesa burr. Punch n'ọnụ na-ada nwayọ nwayọ na ọrịa strok ọ bụla - ngwá ọrụ carbon steel chọrọ ịghaghachi ihe ọ bụla 500,000 ruo 1,000,000 hits, ebe akụrụngwa carbide na-ejigide ịdịmma ihu maka 5,000,000+ hits. Ịmepụta usoro nchigharị mgbochi mgbochi dabere na data ịdịmma akụkụ na-ewepụ ọtụtụ nsogbu tupu ha erute onye ahịa.
Kedu ka m ga-esi gbochie mgbawa mgbe ị na-akpụ ígwè dị elu dị elu (AHSS)?
AHSS akara ule (DP590, DP780, DP980, MS1200) nwere ala elongation na onu stretchability karịa nwayọọ ígwè. Isi ihe mgbochi mgbochi: (1) imewe radius na-ehulata ≥ 1.0T maka DP590, ≥ 1.5T maka DP780, ≥ 2.5T maka DP980; (2) na-ehulata orient perpendicular na ntụgharị ntụgharị; (3) na-eji laser ịkpụ ma ọ bụ egweri n'ọnụ kama n'ọnụ ajị anụ maka atụmatụ gbatịa-flange; (4) ezipụta mmanụ mmanye dị elu na mgbakwunye EP; (5) tụlee ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (200-300 Celsius) maka geometry kacha achọ.
Kedu ihe na-akpata springback na kedu ka m ga-esi kwụọ ụgwọ ya?
Springback bụ mgbake na-agbanwe mgbe emechara - akụkụ ahụ na-alaghachi n'ụdị mbụ ya. Ọ na-abawanye site na ike mkpụrụ dị elu, oke R/T buru ibu, yana obere ihu ihu. Ụzọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-agụnye nfebigara ókè (ichepụta anwụ anwụ 2-8º gara aga ebumnuche dabere na ihe onwunwe), ịkụda ala/ịtụkọta (5-10× ikuku na-ehulata tonnage), na iji radii punch siri ike. Maka AHSS n'elu 980 MPa, na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme na 200-300 Celsius na-enye njikwa azụghachi azụ kachasị ntụkwasị obi.
Kedu otu m ga-esi dozie nsogbu nhụsianya na eserese miri emi?
Mwepu na-esi na nrụgide njide oghere ezughi oke, oke ihe osise, ma ọ bụ mmanu na-ezighi ezi. Malite site na ịbawanye ike njide oghere na 5-10% ịrị elu. Ọ bụrụ na wrinkles na-aga n'ihu na nrụgide nkuku kacha, tinye beads ka ọ machibido ịgbanye ígwè na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na nha eserese karịrị 2.0 (steel) ma ọ bụ 1.8 (aluminom), tinye ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri redraw. Ngwa mmanye na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ nwekwara ike ịkpata wrinkling asymmetric - hụ na mkpuchi mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ofe oghere ahụ.
Kedu ntụpọ elu nke ịkụ akara na-anwụ n'onwe ya?
Atọ kacha anwụ na-akpata n'elu ntụpọ bụ: (1) galling - microscopic ịgbado ọkụ na-enyefe metal si workpiece na-anwụ anwụ, na-eke na-aga n'ihu scratches. Kachasị na igwe anaghị agba nchara na aluminum. Gbochie site na ngwaọrụ mkpuchi TiN/DLC na mmanụ EP. (2) akara anwụ - ahịrị ewelitere na ntụgharị redio anwụ anwụ. radii Polish anwụ anwụ ka Ra ≤ 0.2 µm. (3) ahịrị gbatịa (Lüders bands) - akara nkwụpụta nke a na-ahụ anya na nchara nwere obere carbon. Ezipụta ihe agafeela akpụkpọ ahụ (iwe ọkụ) iji kpochapụ.
Ogologo oge ole ka a ga-enyocha ma debe stampụ nwụrụ?
Oge nyocha kacha nta: mgbanwe ọ bụla (nlele anya nke akụkụ mbụ / nke ikpeazụ), strok ọ bụla 10,000-25,000 (ntụgharị akụkụ), ọ bụla 50,000-100,000 ọrịa strok (nyocha akụrụngwa na-anwụ anwụ), na strok zuru oke. Maka stampụ ọsọ ọsọ (> 600 SPM) ma ọ bụ ihe abrasive (igwe anaghị agba nchara, carbon carbon dị elu), belata oge ndị a. Nleba anya SPC nke akụkụ dị oke egwu na-enye mkpalite ntụkwasị obi kachasị maka mmezi - mbelata Cpk n'okpuru akara 1.33 na-achọ nlebara anya anwụ.
Mmechi
Nrụrụ stampụ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere - mana enwere ike ijikwa ha. Isi ihe bụ nchoputa nke usoro: chọpụta ụdị ntụpọ (ihe, anwụ, pịa, mmanu, imewe), tinye ihe na-akpata ihe kpatara ya, wee mejuputa ihe ndozi tupu ihe mkpofu agbakọta.
At Akụkụ stampụ igwe, ndị otu anyị dị mma na-eji nlekota SPC na mgbochi mgbochi ọnwụ iji debe ọnụego ntụpọ n'okpuru 500 PPM na mmemme mmepụta. Ọnwụ ọhụrụ ọ bụla na-enweta nnwale site na nyocha edemede mbụ tupu mwepụta mmepụta.
Chọrọ enyemaka na a stampụ mma mbipụta? Kpọtụrụ ndị otu injinia anyị. maka nkwado nsogbu ma ọ bụ mụta maka sistemu dị mma anyị.