Ƙirƙirar ɓangaren tambarin ƙarfe wanda za'a iya ƙera ta dogara da farashi mai inganci ba daidai yake da zayyana ɓangaren da "ya yi kyau" a cikin CAD ba. Bangaren da ke ƙira daidai a cikin SolidWorks na iya zama abin ban tsoro mai haifar da ɓarna a ƙasan manema labarai - kawai saboda mai zanen ya yi watsi da ƙaramin ƙa'idar radius ko sanya rami kusa da gefe.
Wannan shine inda Design for Manufacturability (DFM) ya shigo. Don ƙirar kayan hatimi, DFM yana nufin aiwatar da saitin ingantattun ka'idoji - wanda aka zana daga ilimin kimiyyar kayan aiki, halayen kayan aiki, da shekarun da suka gabata na ƙwarewar kanti, ba tare da tsagaggen girman kayan aiki ba, ba tare da tsangwama ba. gangara mai girma.
A cikin wannan jagorar, zaku koyi mahimman ƙa'idodi guda biyar na ƙirar ƙirar ƙarfe na ƙarfe, jagororin ƙira mai zurfi don dogayen geometries, yadda darajar kayan aiki ke ba da zaɓin ƙirar ku, kuskuren ƙira guda bakwai na yau da kullun, ƙayyadaddun juriya mai amfani, da cikakken aikin aiki daga ƙirar 3D zuwa labarin farko.
Muhimman Dokoki na Ƙarfe bugawa Part Design
Mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa Radius
Lokacin da kuka lanƙwasa ƙarfen takarda, saman waje yana shimfiɗa yayin da saman ciki ya matsa. Idan radius na lanƙwasa ya matse dangi da kaurin abu, filayen waje suna yage.
| Material | Ya Shawarar Mafi ƙarancin Ciki Lanƙwasa Radius |
|---|---|
| Mild Karfe (CRS, HRPO) | 1.0 × kauri (1T) |
| Bakin Karfe (304, 316) | 1.5T - 2.0T |
| Aluminum (5052, 6061) | 1.0T - 1.5T |
| Copper / Brass | 0.5T - 1.0T |
| Karfe Karfe / Taurare | 3.0T - 4.0T |
Lankwasawa a fadin ƙwayar hatsi yana buƙatar zama mafi girma fiye da radius. Don lanƙwasawa mai mahimmanci, ƙididdige jagorar hatsi akan zane kuma ƙara 50% zuwa mafi ƙarancin radius idan lanƙwasawa ya zama mai juyawa.
Hole-to-Edge Distance
Ramin da aka buga ma kusa da gefen sashe zai yi kumbura ko yaga gefen waje.
- Don ramuka a ƙarƙashin diamita 6 mm: ≥ 1.5T daga gefen da aka gyara
- Domin ramuka 6-12 mm: ≥ 2.0T daga gefen
- Don ramuka sama da 12 mm: ≥ 2.5T daga gefen
A kiyaye ramuka aƙalla 2.5T + lanƙwasa radius daga kowane layin tangent.
Ramin Nisa da Tazarar Siffar
- Ramin nisa dole ne ya zama ≥ 1.0T
- Tsawon ramin kada ya wuce 5 × nisa na ramin don naushin tashar guda ɗaya
- Matsakaicin layi dole ne a raba su ta ≥ 2.0T na abu
- Guji sasanninta na ciki a cikin ramummuka - yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin radius 0.5 mm
99999 Ramin.
- Kusurwoyin waje: ƙaramin 0.5T radius
- Sasanninta na ciki: ƙaramin radius 1.0T, daidai 1.5T
- Matsayin taimako a tsaka-tsakin lanƙwasa: 1.0T radius mafi ƙarancin
Jagororin Zana Tambarin Zane Mai zurfi
Zurfafa zane mai zurfi shine aiwatar da zana sarari mai zurfi a cikin rami mai zurfi zuwa diamita na mutuwa.
Zana Ratio
Lamba mafi mahimmanci guda ɗaya: Zane Ratio (β) = Diamita Blank / Punch Diamita
- Zana guda ɗaya: β ≤ 2.0 don yawancin kayan
- Bakin Karfe: β ≤ 1.8 a cikin zane guda
- Aluminum: β ≤ 1.7 a cikin zane guda
- Idan β> 2.0, tare da zane mai yawa da ake buƙata.
Ƙayyadaddun Zane Ratio (LDR)
| Material | LDR na al'ada |
|---|---|
| DDQ Karfe | 2.2 – 2.3 |
| 304 Bakin Bakin (annealed) | 2.0 – 2.1 |
| 5052 Aluminum (O-zafin) | 1.8 – 1.9 |
| Copper (annealed) | 2.1 – 2.2 |
| Brass (70/30) | 2.0 – 2.1 |
Zaɓin Kayan abu da Tunanin Kauri
| Material | Yawan Kauri (mm) | La'akari da Key Design |
|---|---|---|
| Karfe-Rolled | 0.4 – 3.2 | Kyakkyawan tsari; m lankwasa radii yiwu |
| Bakin Karfe 304/316 | 0.3 – 3.0 | High springback (har zuwa 3 × CRS); yana buƙatar overbending |
| Bakin Karfe 430 | 0.3 – 2.5 | Magnetic, kasa da baya baya fiye da 304 |
| Aluminum 5052-H32 | 0.5 – 3.0 | Kyakkyawan tsari, matsakaici springback |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 0.5 – 3.0 | Rashin tsari a cikin T6; la'akari da O-zafin + magani mai zafi bayan-fuska |
| Copper C11000 | 0.3 – 2.0 | Kyakkyawan tsari; manufa don zurfin zane |
Jagoran hatsi ya kamata a yi alama koyaushe akan zanen ku lokacin da sashin yana lanƙwasa radius.
gama gari bugawa Design Kurakurai
Kuskure 1: Ramuka Sun Masa Kusa Don Lanƙwasa Layukan - Kula da ≥ 2.5T + lanƙwasa radius. Ƙayyade huda bayan fom idan ba zai yuwu ba.
Kuskure 2: Sharp Internal Corners - Ƙara ƙaramar radius 0.5T zuwa duk sasanninta na ciki.
Kuskure 3: Hakuri Haƙuri maras tabbas - As-stamped flatness ne 0.5% na mafi tsawo girma ga sassa karkashin 2mm kauri.
Kuskure 4: Yin watsi da Springback - Lanƙwasawa baya 1-3° don ƙaramin ƙarfe, har zuwa 8° don bakin karfe. Ƙayyade kusurwar da aka wuce gona da iri.
Kuskure na 5: Haƙuri fiye da Haƙuri Abubuwan da ba su da Aiki - Yi amfani da TS EN ISO 2768-m don juriya na gabaɗaya, adana juriya mai ƙarfi don saman datum.
Kuskure na 6: Ba daidaitaccen Abu ba - 6061-T6 fasa akan 90° lankwasa. Yi amfani da O ko T4 temper + maganin zafi bayan-form, ko canza zuwa 5052-H32.
Kuskure 7: Yin watsi da Layout ɗin Tari - Raba lissafi da wuri. Kyakkyawan gida yana tura amfani da kayan sama da 75%.
Bayanin Matsayin Haƙuri
| Nau'in Siffar | Yawanci | Tare da Daidaitaccen Kayan aiki |
|---|---|---|
| Diamita Hukunci | mm ± 0.05 | ±0.025 mm |
| Matsayin rami (tsakiyar-zuwa-tsakiyar) | ± 0.10 mm | mm ± 0.05 |
| Lanƙwasa kusurwa | ±1.0° | ±0.5° |
| Matsayin fasalin lanƙwasa | ± 0.20 mm | ± 0.10 mm |
| Bayanin waje mara sarari | ± 0.10 mm | mm ± 0.05 |
| Zane harsashi diamita | ± 0.15 mm | ± 0.08 mm |
Daga Zane zuwa Ƙirƙirar Aiki
- Bita na ƙira da DFM: ƙaddamar da samfurin 3D, karɓar rahoton DFM tare da shawarwarin
- Tsage Tsare-tsare da Tsarin Kayan aiki: makonni 2-4 don ƙirar kayan aiki
- Tool Fabrication da Gwada: 2-5 iterations har sassa hadu spec
- Binciken Rubutun Farko (FAI): Cikakken shimfidar ma'auni a kowane AS9102 ko PPAP
- Production Ramp-Up da SPC: Kula da tsarin ƙididdiga a tsaka-tsaki na yau da kullun
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa radius don tambarin bakin karfe?
Domin austenitic bakin karfe kamar 304 da 316, da shawarar m ciki lankwasa radius ne 2.1. Lokacin lankwasawa a fadin hatsi, ƙara zuwa 2.0T zuwa 2.5T. Don maki masu ƙarfi kamar 301 cikakke mai ƙarfi, yi amfani da 3T zuwa 4T.
Yaya kusancin rami zai kasance zuwa gefen wani yanki mai hatimi?
Nisa daga tsakiyar rami zuwa mafi kusa da rami ya kamata ya zama 6 T. 2.0T don ramukan 6-12mm, da 2.5T don ramuka sama da 12mm. Lokacin kusa da layin lanƙwasa, yi amfani da 2.5T tare da radius lanƙwasa a matsayin mafi ƙarancin nisa.
Menene bambanci tsakanin tambari da zane mai zurfi?
bugawa wani faffadan lokaci ne da ke rufe dukkan ayyukan samar da karfe - bargo, huda, lankwasa, yin kwalliya, da kuma kafawar da ba ta da tushe. Zane mai zurfi wani yanki ne na musamman inda aka zana fanko mai lebur cikin radiyo don samar da kofi, gwangwani, ko harsashi wanda zurfinsa ya wuce diamita.
Wanne aluminum gami ne mafi kyau ga hatimi aka gyara bukatar lankwasawa?
5052-H32 shine mafi kyawun allo na aluminum don sassa masu hatimi da ke buƙatar ƙira mai mahimmanci. Yana sarrafa lanƙwasa 90° a radius 1.0T zuwa 1.5T ba tare da fashewa ba. Guji 6061-T6 don lanƙwasawa mai ƙarfi - yi amfani da fushin O ko T4 tare da tsufa na baya, ko canza zuwa 5052-H32.
Nawa ne farashin kayan aikin mutuƙar ci gaba?
Don gunkin karfe mai sauƙi (tashoshi 4-6), $5,000- $15,000. Manyan sassa tare da tashoshi 8-12 da abubuwan saka carbide: $20,000-$50,000+. Zane mai zurfi da yawa ya mutu don bakin karfe: $80,000+. Waɗannan alkalumman filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne - ƙaddamar da ƙirar 3D don ingantaccen zance.
Shin ya kamata in saka alkiblar kayan hatsi akan zane na tambari?
Ee - ga kowane bangare tare da lanƙwasa radi kasa da 2T a cikin karfe ko 3T a cikin bakin. Lankwasawa tare da hatsi yana ba da damar radis mai ƙarfi amma ƙarin bazara; a fadin hatsi yana buƙatar radius mafi girma amma yana haifar da madaidaicin kusurwa.
Za a iya weld sassa masu hatimi bayan kafa?
Ee. Yawancin abubuwan da aka hatimi na ƙarfe da aluminium ana iya haɗa su ta hanyar walƙiya ta juriya, MIG, TIG, ko walƙiyar Laser. Samar da lebur, m flanges tare da aƙalla sharewa 8mm a kusa da yankin walda don samun wutar lantarki.
Aika Zane-zanenku don Ƙimar DFM Kyauta
Teamungiyar injiniyoyinmu suna bitar ƙirar abubuwan da aka hatimi kullun. Aika fayil ɗin STEP ɗinku da zane na 2D, kuma a cikin sa'o'i 48 sami cikakken rahoton DFM, gyare-gyaren ƙira, ƙididdige kayan aiki na farko, da shawarwarin kayan aiki.
Tuntube mu don fara kimantawar ku na DFM kyauta.