Irin Stamped: Awọn giredi, Awọn ohun-ini, ati Awọn ohun elo
Irin ti a fi sita tọka si awọn ohun elo irin ti a ṣelọpọ nipasẹ titẹ dì alapin tabi okun sinu apẹrẹ ti o fẹ nipa lilo awọn ku ati awọn ẹrọ ẹrọ tabi awọn ẹrọ hydraulic. Irin jẹ irin ti o ni janle pupọ julọ ni agbaye, ṣiṣe iṣiro fun aijọju 70% ti gbogbo awọn ẹya ti a fi samisi nipasẹ iwuwo. Awọn oniwe-kẹwa si ba wa ni lati ẹya unmatched apapo ti agbara, formability, weldability, ati kekere ohun elo iye owo.
Yiyan iwọn irin to tọ fun apakan ti a tẹ jẹ ipinnu imọ-ẹrọ ti o kan gbogbo ilana isale - lati apẹrẹ ku ati tẹ tonnage si alurinmorin, kikun, ati iṣẹ aaye. Itọsọna yii ṣe afiwe awọn isọri pataki marun ti irin ti ontẹ, ṣalaye bi awọn ohun-ini ẹrọ ṣe ni ipa lori isamisi, awọn ayanfẹ ile-iṣẹ maapu, ati fifọ awọn idiyele idiyele ti o ṣe yiyan ipele ipele.
Irin ite lafiwe fun Stamping
Tabili ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe afiwe awọn isọri gbooro marun ti irin ti a lo ninu stamping, pẹlu awọn giredi aṣoju, awọn ohun-ini adaṣe aṣoju, ati awọn ohun elo ti o wọpọ.
| Ẹka | Aṣoju Grades | Erogba (%) | Agbara Ikore (MPa) | Agbara Agbara (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Stamping Performance | Awọn ohun elo Aṣoju |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irin-kekere erogba | SPCC, DC01, A1008 CS, SAE 1008, SAE 1010 | 0.05–0.15 | 140–280 | 270–410 | 37–48 | O tayọ — ga elongation, kekere ikore ratio, rorun lara | Awọn panẹli ohun elo, awọn biraketi, awọn panẹli ara ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, awọn apade |
| Alabọde-erogba irin | SAE 1030, SAE 1040, S355, SPFH490 | 0.25–0.45 | 250–450 | 470–650 | 18–30 | Dede - kekere elongation, ti o ga springback, le nilo annealing | Awọn jia, awọn biraketi, awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ igbekale, ohun elo ogbin |
| Irin ti o ga-giga | SAE 1060, SAE 1075, SAE 1095, C75S | 0.55–0.95 | 400–700 | 650–1,100 | 8–20 | Ko dara to Fair - gan lopin lara, nbeere annealed majemu tabi gbona lara | Awọn orisun omi, awọn abẹfẹlẹ, awọn ẹrọ fifọ, awọn irinṣẹ ọwọ, awọn agekuru |
| Alloy steel | SAE 4130, SAE 4340, 42CrMo4 | 0.25-0.45 (+ Cr, Mo, Ni) | 450–850 | 700–1,100 | 12–22 | Fair — awọn ifilelẹ agbara giga ti n dagba; nigbagbogbo ni ontẹ ni ipo annealed lẹhinna ṣe itọju ooru | Awọn ẹya igbekale ti o wuwo, awọn biraketi afẹfẹ, ohun elo iwakusa |
| Irin alagbara | SUS304, SUS301, SUS430, 316L, 410 | 0.03–0.15 (+Cr, Ni, Mo) | 170–510 | 450–1,270 | 10–50 | O dara si Didara (ti o gbẹkẹle ite) - 304 fọọmu daradara; 301 ṣiṣẹ-lile ni kiakia; 430 ni ijinle iyaworan lopin | Ohun elo ounjẹ, awọn ẹrọ iṣoogun, awọn tanki kemikali, gige ohun ọṣọ, awọn ọna eefi |
Iyasọtọ Ipilẹṣẹ
Kekere-erogba irin (awọn workhorse ti stamping)
Awọn iwọn irin-kekere carbon bi SPCC (JIS), DC01 (EN), ati A1008 CS (ASTM) nfunni ni iwọntunwọnsi ti o dara julọ ti fọọmu, idiyele, ati weldability. Pẹlu erogba ti o wa ni isalẹ 0.15%, awọn onipò wọnyi ni elongation giga (37-48%), awọn ipin ikore-si-agbara (0.50-0.65), ati weldability ti o dara julọ laisi preheat. Wọn ṣe akọọlẹ fun pupọ julọ awọn ẹya ti a fi ami si ni ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, ohun elo, ati iṣelọpọ gbogbogbo.
Alabọde-erogba irin
Awọn iwọn erogba alabọde (0.25-0.45% C) pese agbara ti o ga julọ lẹhin itọju ooru ṣugbọn o nira pupọ si ontẹ. Wọn ṣe afihan orisun omi ti o ga julọ, elongation kekere, ati nilo tonnage ti o ga julọ. Awọn onipò wọnyi nigbagbogbo ni ontẹ ni ipo gbigbona ti yiyi tabi annealed ati lẹhinna mu ibinu lati ṣaṣeyọri awọn ohun-ini ikẹhin. Wọpọ ni iṣẹ-ogbin, ikole, ati awọn ohun elo ohun elo eru.
Irin ti o ga-giga
Ga-erogba irin (0.55-0.95% C) jẹ stampable nikan ni pato awọn ohun elo - alapin òfo, o rọrun bends, tabi aijinile fọọmu. Ohun elo naa gbọdọ wa ni ipo spheroidized-annealed fun iṣẹ ṣiṣe eyikeyi. Lẹhin stamping, awọn ẹya jẹ itọju ooru lati ṣaṣeyọri lile lile (45-60 HRC). Awọn ọja ti o ni itẹwọgba pẹlu awọn orisun omi alapin, awọn abẹfẹlẹ, awọn ifoso titiipa, ati awọn shims. Fun itoni lori ohun ti o jẹ irin stamping, pẹlu awọn ilana erogba giga, wo bulọọgi wa.
Alloy steel
Alloy steels ti o ni chromium, molybdenum, tabi nickel (fun apẹẹrẹ, 4130, 4340, 42CrMo4) darapọ agbara giga pẹlu lile to dede. Stamping maa n ni opin si ofo ati ṣiṣe ti o rọrun ni ipo annealed, atẹle nipasẹ itọju ooru. Awọn onipò wọnyi farahan ni awọn biraketi igbekalẹ oju-ofurufu, awọn paati idadoro iṣẹ iwuwo, ati awọn ohun elo aabo nibiti ipin agbara-si- iwuwo ṣe pataki.
Irin alagbara
Alagbara onipò igba kan jakejado ibiti o ti stampability. Austenitic 304 ati 301 fọọmu daradara ṣugbọn iṣẹ-lile ni pataki - 301 le de ọdọ 1,270 MPa UTS nipasẹ iṣẹ tutu. Ferritic 430 jẹ oofa ati pe ko gbowolori ṣugbọn o ni ijinle iyaworan lopin. Awọn ontẹ Martensitic 410 ni ipo annealed ati lẹhinna o le. Fun kan jinle besomi, ri wa irin alagbara, irin stamping agbara iwe.
Bawo ni Awọn ohun-ini Mechanical ṣe ni ipa lori Stamping
Loye ibatan laarin awọn ohun-ini irin ati ihuwasi stamping ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn onimọ-ẹrọ lati yan ipele ti o tọ ati asọtẹlẹ awọn abajade didimu.
Ipin Ikore-si-Tensile (Y/T)
Ipin ikore-si-tensile ṣe iwọn iye ti iwọn idasile ti o wa ti ohun elo kan nlo ṣaaju ki ọrun to bẹrẹ.
| Iwọn Y/T | Stamping Behavior | Awọn gigi Apeere |
|---|---|---|
| 0.40–0.55 | O tayọ formability - tobi aafo laarin ikore ati UTS faye gba sanlalu nínàá | DC06 (erogba kekere-kekere), TI irin ba |
| 0.55–0.65 | O dara formability — dara fun julọ iyaworan ati lara mosi | DC04, SPCC, SAE 1010 |
| 0.65–0.75 | Dede - ga springback; le beere overbending biinu | HSLA 340, SAE 1030 |
| 0.75–0.90 | Soro — gan kekere iṣẹ-hardening agbara; wo inu ewu ni ju radii | DP780, DP980, SAE 1075 |
| >0.90 | Ko dara fun lara - pataki rirọ-pipe ṣiṣu ihuwasi | Martensitic 1200+, líle erogba giga |
Elongation (Lapapọ Elongation, A%)
Elongation ṣe iwọn agbara ohun elo lati na isan ṣaaju fifọ. Ilọsiwaju ti o ga julọ ngbanilaaye awọn iyaworan jinle ati awọn fọọmu eka diẹ sii.
- >40%: O tayọ fun jin iyaworan (DC06, SUS304).
- 30–40%: O dara fun fọọmu gbogbogbo ati awọn iyaworan iwọntunwọnsi (SPCC, DC04).
- 20–30%: Itewogba fun atunse ati aijinile fa (HSLA, alabọde-erogba).
- 10–20%Ni opin si awọn bends ti o rọrun ati ofo (AHSS, irin alloy).
- <10%Pupọ ni ihamọ - nikan alapin òfo tabi awọn fọọmu ti o rọrun (martensitic, ga-erogba ni ipo lile).
Pilasitini igara Ratio (r-iye)
Iwọn r-iye ti ohun elo ti o lodi si tinrin nigbati o ba na. O jẹ ipin igara iwọn si igara sisanra ni idanwo fifẹ kan.
| r-iye | jin Drawability | Awọn gilaasi Aṣoju |
|---|---|---|
| ≥2.0 | O tayọ - apẹrẹ fun jin agolo ati nlanla | DC06, IF irin |
| 1.5–2.0 | O dara - o dara fun awọn ẹya ti o ya julọ | DC04, SPCE |
| 1.0–1.5 | Fair — aijinile fa nikan | SPCC, DC01 |
| <1.0 | Ko dara - ti o ni itara si tinrin ati eti | Ọpọlọpọ AHSS, alabọde/erogba giga |
Ibara lile Exponent (n-iye)
Awọn n-iye apejuwe bi o ni kiakia ohun elo arawa bi o ti deforms. Awọn iye n-ti o ga julọ pin kaakiri igara diẹ sii ni iṣọkan, idaduro ọrùn agbegbe.
| n-iye | Imudaniloju Formability | Awọn gilaasi Aṣoju |
|---|---|---|
| ≥0.25 | O tayọ na formability | IF irin, DC06 |
| 0.20–0.24 | O dara | DC04, SPCE, SUS304 |
| 0.15–0.19 | Dede | SPCC, HSLA |
| 0.10–0.14 | Lopin | AHSS (DP, CP), alabọde-erogba |
| <0.10 | Ko dara fun na lara | Martensitic, erogba giga |
Awọn ààyò ile-iṣẹ fun Stamped Steel
O yatọ si ile ise ayo o yatọ si ini, iwakọ pato ite-aṣayan ilana.
Automotive
Awọn Oko ile ise jẹ awọn ti olumulo ti ontẹ irin. Aṣayan ipele yatọ nipasẹ agbegbe ọkọ:
- Awọn panẹli ti ara ita (awọn ilẹkun, awọn ibori, awọn odi): Ti irin / BH irin (DC06, DC04 + bake hardening) - nilo ipari dada ti o dara julọ, elongation giga, ati esi beki kun.
- Awọn panẹli ti inu (awọn imuduro, awọn biraketi): Irin ìwọnba (SPCC, DC01) - iye owo-doko, rọrun lati weld.
- Aabo-pataki awọn ẹya igbekalẹ: AHSS (DP590-DP1180, TRIP780, CP980) - iṣakoso agbara jamba pẹlu awọn ifowopamọ iwuwo.
- Ẹnjini ati idadoro: HSLA (SPFH490, S355) - agbara pẹlu dede formability.
- Underbody ati eefiGbona-fibọ galvanized tabi irin aluminiomu - ipata resistance.
Awọn ohun elo onibara
- Awọn ilu ti n ṣatunṣe ẹrọ fifọ: SUS304 tabi DC04 pẹlu fosifeti + lulú aso.
- firiji paneli: SPCC tabi DC01 pẹlu EG tabi VCM laminate.
- Lọla ati awọn ẹya ibiti: SUS430 tabi irin alumini fun resistance ooru.
- Awọn ile ohun elo kekere: SPCC, SECC (itanna-galvanized).
Itanna ati Itanna
- Olupin ẹnjini ati agbeko: DC01/SPCC pẹlu EG tabi nickel plating.
- Awọn laminations Transformer: Irin ti kii-Oorun itanna (fun apẹẹrẹ, 35CS250).
- Awọn ifibọ: SECC tabi DC01 + lulú ndan.
Ikole ati Infrastructure
- Orule ati cladding: Hot-dip galvanized (GI) tabi Galvalume (GL).
- Igbekale biraketi: S355, SS400, tabi A36.
- fasteners: Alabọde-erogba (10B21, 10B38) pẹlu Dacromet ti a bo.
Agricultural and Heavy Equipment
- Awọn fireemu ẹnjini: Gbona-yiyi S355 tabi SPFH490.
- Ṣiṣe awọn abẹfẹlẹ ati awọn egbegbe: Ga-erogba (1060, 1075) lile.
- Awọn panẹli Cab: Tutu-yiyi DC04 pẹlu e-aso.
Awọn Okunfa idiyele ni Titẹ Stamping Irin
Loye eto idiyele ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn onimọ-ẹrọ ṣe awọn iṣowo alaye laarin ite ohun elo, sisẹ, ati idiyele apakan lapapọ.
Pipin Idiyele Ohun elo
| Ifosiwewe | Ipa lori idiyele | Awọn alaye |
|---|---|---|
| Ipilẹ owo fun toonu | yatọ 1–5× | Irẹwọn CR irin ni ipilẹ; AHSS jẹ 30-80% diẹ sii; iye owo alagbara 3–5× diẹ ẹ sii |
| Iwọn (sisanra) | Linear | Ohun elo ti o nipon = iwuwo diẹ sii fun apakan = idiyele ohun elo ti o ga julọ |
| Ipari dada | 10–25% Ere | Ipilẹ-ifihan (O5 dada, IF irin) ni idiyele diẹ sii ju ite-owo lọ |
| Coil iwọn | Imudara | gbooro coils le din ajeku ti o ba ti awọn ẹya ara itẹ-ẹiyẹ daradara; dín coils egbin kere ti o ba ti awọn ẹya ara wa ni kekere |
| Volume | Negotiable | Mill kere ibere titobi 20 |
| pq Ipese | ± 15% swing | Domestic vs. gbe wọle, awọn akoko asiwaju, ati awọn owo idiyele ni ipa lori idiyele ilẹ |
Awọn ifosiwewe iye owo ti n ṣiṣẹ
| Ifosiwewe | Impact | Imudara |
|---|---|---|
| Die iye owo | $15K–$500K+ fun ku ṣeto | Awọn ku ilọsiwaju ni iye owo ti o ga julọ ṣugbọn iye owo kekere fun apakan ni awọn iwọn> 100K / ọdun |
| Tẹ tonnage | Tonnage ti o ga julọ = idiyele agbara ti o ga julọ | Awọn ohun elo ti o nipọn / ti o ga julọ nilo awọn titẹ nla |
| Nọmba awọn iṣẹ | Ibusọ kọọkan n ṣafikun akoko iyipo ati akopọ ifarada | Dinku awọn ibudo gbigbe; darapọ awọn iṣẹ nibiti o ti ṣee ṣe |
| Oṣuwọn Scrap | 25-40% ti ohun elo jẹ aṣoju gige gige | Mu iṣeto itẹ-ẹiyẹ pọ si; akojopo olona-jade kú |
| Itọju oju oju | $0.05–$2.00 fun apakan | Yan itọju to kere julọ ti o pade ibeere ohun elo |
| Secondary Mosi | Deburring, tapping, welding, assembly | Apẹrẹ fun in-die kia kia tabi lara lati se imukuro secondary awọn igbesẹ ti |
Lapapọ Iye owo Ohun-ini
Iye owo ohun elo ti o kere julọ kii ṣe nigbagbogbo pese iye owo apakan ti o kere julọ. Wo:
- Irin ti o ga julọ ti o fun laaye iwọn tinrin le dinku iwuwo ohun elo to lati ṣe aiṣedeede idiyele idiyele naa.
- Apa AHSS kan ti o rọpo awọn ẹya kekere-irin meji pẹlu isẹpo weld ti yọkuro gbogbo iṣẹ kan.
- A galvanized, irin ti o ti jade ni kikun igbese le jẹ din owo lapapọ pelu ga aise-ohun elo iye owo.
Fun oye ti o jinlẹ ti ku ati ọrọ-aje irinṣẹ irinṣẹ, wo itọsọna wa lori irinṣẹ ìtẹ iye owo ifosiwewe.
Awọn ibeere Nigbagbogbo
Kini ipele irin ti o wọpọ julọ?
SPCC (JIS) / DC01 (EN) / A1008 CS Iru B (ASTM) jẹ ipele irin ti o ni pupọ julọ ni agbaye. Yiyi kekere-erogba ti o tutu ti o tutu (≤0.12% C) nfunni ni apẹrẹ ti o dara julọ (37% elongation), didara dada ti o ni ibamu, ati iye owo ti o kere julọ laarin awọn aṣayan tutu-yiyi. O mu awọn biraketi, awọn panẹli, awọn ideri, ati awọn ẹya idi gbogbogbo kọja ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, ohun elo, ẹrọ itanna, ati awọn apa ile-iṣẹ. Fun awọn ohun elo to nilo iyaworan, SPCE/DC04 jẹ igbesẹ ti n tẹle.
Bawo ni MO ṣe yan laarin erogba kekere ati irin-irin-alabọde fun apakan ti a tẹ?
Yan kekere-erogba irin (≤0.15% C) nigbati awọn apakan nilo lara tabi iyaworan mosi, ju tẹ radii, tabi o tayọ weldability lai preheat. Yan irin alabọde-erogba (0.25-0.45% C) nigbati apakan naa nilo agbara ti o ga julọ (400-650 MPa UTS), wọ resistance, tabi agbara lati pa-lile lẹhin ontẹ. Awọn idiyele irin-erogba alabọde ni iwọn kanna fun toonu ṣugbọn o le nilo annealing ṣaaju kitẹtẹ ati itọju ooru lẹhin, fifi idiyele sisẹ kun.
Le ga-erogba irin le wa ni ontẹ?
Bẹẹni, ṣugbọn pẹlu awọn idiwọn pataki. Irin ti o ga-erogba (0.55-0.95% C) le jẹ ofo, gun, ati tẹriba si awọn irọra ti o rọrun tabi awọn fọọmu aijinile, ṣugbọn nikan ni ipo spheroidized-annealed, eyiti o rọ ohun elo naa si 150-200 HV. Lẹhin stamping, awọn ẹya ara ti wa ni parun-tempered lati se aseyori 45–60 HRC. Iyaworan ti o jinlẹ ni gbogbogbo ko ṣee ṣe. Awọn ọja erogba giga ti o wọpọ pẹlu awọn orisun omi alapin, awọn abẹfẹlẹ, awọn ifoso titiipa, ati awọn egbegbe gige.
Kilode ti irin alagbara, irin stamping na diẹ ẹ sii ju erogba irin stamping?
Irin alagbara, irin stamping owo 2–4× diẹ ẹ sii ju deede erogba, irin awọn ẹya ara fun idi mẹta: (1) aise iye owo - alagbara, iye owo 3-5× diẹ sii fun ton; (2) yiya irinṣẹ - alagbara jẹ lile ati abrasive diẹ sii, idinku igbesi aye iku nipasẹ 30-50%; (3) iṣẹ lile - awọn giredi austenitic (304, 301) lile lakoko ṣiṣẹda, nilo awọn anneal agbedemeji fun awọn iyaworan ti o jinlẹ ati jijẹ awọn ibeere tonnage tẹ. Ferritic alagbara (430) jẹ aṣayan ti o ni iye owo ti o munadoko julọ nigbati a nilo resistance ipata laisi dida jin.
Ipari
Irin ti a fi ontẹ ṣe iwọn titobi pupọ - lati awọn irin-ọfẹ interstitial ultra-formable fun awọn panẹli ita ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ lati ṣe lile irin-erogba giga fun gige awọn egbegbe. Aṣayan ipele ti o tọ ṣe iwọntunwọnsi fọọmu, agbara, weldability, resistance ipata, ati idiyele lapapọ. Kekere erogba tutu, irin mu awọn opolopo ninu awọn ohun elo ontẹ, nigba ti AHSS ati nigboro onipò sin eletan igbekale ati ayika awọn ibeere.
Loye bi ipin ikore, elongation, r-value, ati n-value ipa stamping awọn iyọrisi ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn onimọ-ẹrọ lati ṣalaye ipele ti o dara julọ ṣaaju ki ikole to ku. Awọn ayanfẹ ile-iṣẹ kan pato ṣe afihan awọn ewadun ti iriri ohun elo ati pe o yẹ ki o ṣagbero bi aaye ibẹrẹ.
Ṣe o nilo iranlọwọ lati yan ipele irin to tọ fun apakan ti o ni ontẹ bi? Olubasọrọ Irin Stamping Parts Ltd - irin wa ati awọn onimọ ẹrọ irinṣẹ le ṣeduro ipele ti o munadoko julọ fun ohun elo ati iwọn didun rẹ.