Iimilo zesitampu ezibandayo zeshiti lentsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kusetyenziswa ihydraulic okanye oomatshini bokushicilela, ukufikelela kunyamezelo oluyi-±0.01 mm kunye nezantya zemveliso ezingama-30–1,500 ngomzuzu. Isitampu esishushu sitshisa iintsimbi zentsimbi ukuya kwi-700-950 °C ngaphambi kokuba zenze, zivelisa iindawo ezinobukhulu obuphezulu (1,500+ MPa amandla okuqina) asetyenziswa kumacandelo olwakhiwo lweemoto. Ukhetho phakathi kwesitampu esibandayo kunye nesitampu esishushu sixhomekeke kwibakala lemathiriyeli, amandla afunekayo, inxalenye yejometri ubunzima, kunye nomthamo wemveliso.
Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa zombini iinkqubo kulo lonke ubushushu, ukuhambelana kwezinto, ukuchaneka komda, iindleko, kunye nezicelo eziqhelekileyo. Nokuba ufumana umthombo we- iindawo zokunyathela ngesinyithi okanye uvavanye iindlela zokuvelisa imveliso entsha, oku kuthelekisa kuya kukunceda ukhethe inkqubo efanelekileyo.
Yintoni iCold isitampu?
Isitampu esibandayo (esikwabizwa ngokuba kukwenza ukubanda okanye ukusebenza okubandayo) kuguqula icwecwe lesinyithi okanye ikhoyili kwiqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo-ngokuqhelekileyo yi-15–35 °C-kusetyenziswa oomatshini okanye oomatshini boxinzelelo loxinzelelo oluphakathi kwe-5 ukuya kwi-2,000 yeetoni. Inkqubo ixhomekeke kwi-deformation yeplastiki ngaphandle kokufudumeza i-workpiece.
Indlela Isitampu esibandayo esiSebenza ngayo
Isinyithi esicaba esingenanto okanye umcu ufaka kumatshini wokushicilela apho inqindi inyanzela imathiriyeli ukuba ibe kumgodi wokufa. Isinyithi sihamba ngeplastiki, sithatha isimo sokufa. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zihlala kwindawo yokushisa, ukuqina komsebenzi kwenzeka ngexesha lokuguqulwa, ukwandisa amandla emveliso yenxalenye nge-10-30% ngokuxhomekeke kwi-alloy.
Imisebenzi yesiqhelo yokubanda ebandayo ibandakanya ukuvala, ukugqobhoza, ukugoba, ukwenza imali, ukufaka i-embossing, kunye nokuzoba nzulu. Kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo, i-ufa oqhubekayo isitampu amatyathanga ezikhululo ezininzi zibe sisibetho sokushicilela esinye, ukufikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokwenxalenye nganye.
Iqondo lobushushu elibandayo kunye noluhlu lwezinto
Ubushushu: Ambient (15–35 °C), akukho ziko lifunekayo.
Imathiriyeli eqhelekileyo:
- Intsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni (SPCC, DC01) - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.8 mm ukuya kwi-6 mm ubukhulu
- Intsimbi engatyiwa (304, 316, 430)
- Aluminiyam ialloys (5052, 6061)
- Ubhedu kunye nobhedu
- Intsimbi ephezulu ye-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) - ukuya kwi-980 MPa
Ubukhulu beshiti: 0.1 mm ukuya 12 mm (eziqhelekileyo: 0.5-4 mm).
Ukunyamezela komda: ± 0.01 mm kwi-springback kunye ne-springback ± 0.01 mm.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu: Ra 0.4-1.6 μm ngaphandle kokugqiba okwesibini.
Izinto eziluncedo zokuNgxobhoza ngokuBanda
- Isantya esiphezulu sokuvelisa: 30-1,500 SPM (izibetho ngomzuzu) kumatshini wokushicilela
- Ukuphindaphinda okugqwesileyo komgangatho kuyo yonke imitsi emikhulu
- Akukho oxidation okanye isikali kwiindawo ezigqityiweyo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi ngenxalenye (akukho shushu)
- Ihambelana nemigca yokuvelisa i-coil-feed automated
Yintoni iSitampu esishushu?
Isitampu esishushu (esikwabizwa ngokuba shushu ukwenza okanye ukucinezela ukuqina) sifudumeza intsimbi engenanto kwiqondo lobushushu bayo obuyi-austenitizing-ngokuqhelekileyo i-700-950 iguqulela amanzi kwi-aquen-950 ° C. kwenzeke ngaxeshanye. Le nkqubo iguqula i-microstructure ibe yi-martensite, ivelisa amandla obunzima be-1,400-1,700 MPa.
Indlela iStamping eshushu esebenza ngayo
Intsimbi ye-boron egqunyiweyo engenanto (umzekelo, i-22MnB5) ingena kwisithando somlilo se-roller kwi-900-930 ° C kwi-3-8 imizuzu. Ukudluliselwa okungenanto okushushu kwi-press ngaphakathi kwe-5-10 imizuzwana. Umshicileli uvala, wenze inxalenye ngelixa i-die-cooled die ecima izinto eziphathekayo kwi-30-80 ° C / s. Inxalenye iphuma kwiqondo lobushushu elikufutshane negumbi kunye nokumila kwayo kokugqibela itshixiwe kunye ne-springback encinci.
Iqondo lobushushu elishushu kunye noHlelo lweMathiriyeli
Ubushushu bomlilo: 700–950 °C (uluhlu lwe-austenitizing yeentsimbi ze-boron).
Die lobushushu: 30–80 °C (ipholile ngamanzi).
Imathiriyeli eqhelekileyo:
- 22MnB5 (yeyona ixhaphakileyo intsimbi yokunyathela eshushu, iAl-Si iqatywe)
- 30MnB5, 27MnCrB5 - kwiipropati ezilungiselelwe
- Usibor 1500, Ductibor 500 (ArcelorMittal amabakala)
- Izikhewu zePatchwork (ubunzima obungafaniyo obudityanisiweyo phambi kokufudumeza)
Ubukhulu beshiti: 0.8 mm ukuya ku-4 mm
Ukunyamezela komda: ± 0.05 mm ukuya ± 0.1 mm. I-Springback iphantse yapheliswa ngenxa yokucinywa kwe-in-die.
Amandla okuqina emva kokwenza: 1,400–1,700 MPa (imimandla eqiniswe ngokupheleleyo); 500–800 MPa (iindawo ezithambekileyo).
Izinto eziluncedo zeStamping ezishushu
- Ifezekisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla-to-ubunzima kwiindawo zentsimbi ezinesitampu
- Kufuphi-zero springback, nkqu kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo ze-3D
- Yehlisa ubunzima benxalenye nge-20-35% vs.
- Yenza iipropathi ezilungelelanisiweyo (imimandla yengozi ethambileyo + neendawo zongenelelo ezinzima) kwindawo enye
- Ubume obugqwesileyo kubushushu obuphakamileyo - umzobo onzulu onokwenzeka
Isitampu esibandayo vs Isitampu esishushu: Umahluko oPhambili
Itheyibhile engezantsi ishwankathela umahluko ongundoqo wobugcisa phakathi kokunyathela okubandayo kunye nokunyathela okushushu.
| Iparamitha | Cold isitampu | Isitampu esishushu |
|---|---|---|
| Inkqubo yobushushu | Ambient (15–35 °C) | 700–950 °C (iziko); 30–80 °C (ukufa) |
| Uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo | icopper ethambileyo, HSS, intsimbi ethambileyo, intsimbi ethambileyo 980 MPa | Iintsimbi ze-Boron (22MnB5), amabakala agxininisiweyo anzima ukuya kwi-1,700 MPa |
| Ubukhulu beshiti | 0.1–12 mm | 0.8–4 mm |
| Ukunyamezelana okulinganayo | ±0.01–0.05 mm | ± 0.05-0.1 mm |
| Inxalenye yamandla okuqina | 270–980 MPa (izinto ezixhomekeke kwizinto) | 1,400–1,700 MPa (nzima ngokupheleleyo) |
| Springback | Phakathi — kufuna imbuyekezo kuyilo lokufa | Kufuphi no-zero ngenxa yokucinywa kwe-in-die |
| Isantya sokuvelisa | 30–1,500 SPM | 3–8 SPM (ikhawulelwe ngumjikelo wesithando somlilo) |
| Iindleko zokufa | $5,000–$80,000 | $50,000–$300,000 (isixhobo sokupholisa amanzi) |
| Amandla ngenxalenye | Phantsi (akukho kufudumala) | Phezulu (iziko kwi-900 °C ngokuqhubekayo) |
| Imeko yomphezulu | Icocekile, akukho sikali | Ukwaleka kwe-Al-Si kugcina umphezulu; i-post-processing encinci |
| Izicelo eziqhelekileyo | Iiphaneli zezixhobo, izibiyeli zombane, iziqhagamshelo zombane nzulu Izibiyeli | A-iintsika, B-iintsika, imiqadi bumper, imiqadi yokungena emnyango |
Ukunyathela okubandayo vs Uthelekiso lweeNdleko zokuFakwa eziNto
Ulwakhiwo lweendleko lwahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini. Ukuqonda ukonakaliswa kunceda abathengi kunye neenjineli ukuba benze izigqibo zokufumana ulwazi.
| Ixabiso | Cold isitampu | Isitampu esishushu |
|---|---|---|
| Utyalo-mali lwezixhobo | $5,000–$80,000 iseti yokufa nganye | $50,000–$300,000 iseti yokufa nganye (ukupholiswa kwamanzi) |
| Imathiriyeli ekrwada (ngekg) | I-$ 0.60-$ 1.80 (i-coil yensimbi epholileyo) | $1.20–$2.50 intsimbi (coated boron) |
| Iindleko zamandla ngenxalenye nganye | $0.005–$0.02 | $0.05–$0.15 (iziko + ukudluliselwa) |
| Ixesha lokujikeleza ngenxalenye | 0.04–2 imizuzwana | 15–45 imizuzwana (iziko lihlala + cinezela) |
| Iindleko ngenxalenye kwi-100K yevolumu | $0.15–$1.50 | $1.50–$5.00 |
| Ukuqhawula-nokuba umthamo | Phantsi (uqoqosho ukusuka 1,000+ iiyunithi) | Phezulu (isixhobo se-amortized ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezingama-50,000+) |
| imisebenzi yesibini | Ubuncinci - imiphetho ecocekileyo, akukho sikali | Laser trimming eqhelekileyo; ukuhlolwa kokugquma |
Umgca osezantsi: Isitampu esibandayo sixabisa i-60-80% ngaphantsi ngenxalenye nganye kwimveliso yomthamo ophakathi. Isitampu esishushu siba yindleko-kukhuphisana kwimiqulu ephezulu (100K + iinxalenye / ngonyaka) xa inxalenye yokunciphisa ubunzima isusa amanyathelo endibano esezantsi okanye xa imimiselo yokhuseleko igunyazisa i-ultra-high-strength steel.
Xa ukhetha Isitampu esibandayo
Isitampu esibandayo yinkqubo ekhethwayo xa:
- Iimfuno zamandla enxalenye zingaphantsi kwe-980 MPa. Intsimbi ethambileyo, i-stainless, kunye ne-aluminium alloys inikezela ukusebenza okwaneleyo kwiindawo ezininzi ezingakhuselekanga.
- Ukunyamezela ukunyamezela. ± 0.01 mm ukuphindaphinda kuyenzeka ngokufa okuchanekileyo-umhlaba - kubalulekile kwizixhumi zombane, izindlu zezixhobo zonyango, kunye nokuchaneka isitampu sentsimbi yesiko amacandelo.
- Umthamo wemveliso uphantsi ukuya phakathi. Iindleko zesixhobo ziyi-3–10× ngaphantsi kunesitampu esishushu, zenza ukuba iinxalenye ze-1,000–50,000 zisebenze ngokwezoqoqosho.
- Isantya somjikelo sibalulekile. Umatshini wokushicilela uhambisa amakhulu e-stroke ngomzuzu, ukuxhasa i-izithuthi high-volume, i-appliance, kunye nemveliso ye-elektroniki.
- Izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyafuneka. Isitampu esibandayo sithatha intsimbi, intsimbi, ialuminiyam, ubhedu, ubhedu, kunye nealloys ezingaqhelekanga kumatshini omnye wokutshintsha kwezixhobo.
Kwizinto ezitsalwe nzulu ezifana nezindlu zeemoto, izitya ze-sink, kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo zebhetri, nzulu ukuzoba isitampu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi lizisa iziphumo ezingabizi kakhulu ukuba isitampu esishushu asinakuhambelana kwimithamo enokuthelekiswa. I-
Unokukhetha Nini Isitampu esishushu
Ukunyathela okushushu lolona khetho lungcono xa:
- Amandla aphezulu kakhulu anyanzelekile. Imimiselo yokhuseleko lweemoto (i-FMVSS 214, i-Euro NCAP) ifuna ukuchasana nokungena kwe-1,400+ MPa kuphela i-press-hardened steel steel.
- Icandelo lejometri lintsonkothile. Ukwenziwa kobushushu obunyusiweyo buvumela ukutsalwa okunzulu, iradiyi ebukhali, kunye neeprofayili ezingqongqo ukuba isitampu esibandayo asikwazi ukufikelela ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
- Springback kufuneka iphendulwe. In-die quenching itshixa inxalenye imilo, ukususa ityala-kunye-impazamo springback imbuyekezo eyongeza iiveki kuphuhliso isitampu abandayo kufa.
- Ukunciphisa ubunzima kukujoliswe kuko. Ukutshintsha i-2.0 mm yensimbi ethambileyo kunye ne-1.2 mm yentsimbi ekhuniweyo yentsimbi iyancipha ubunzima nge-30-40% ngokusebenza okulinganayo okanye okuphezulu.
- Iipropati ezilungiselelweyo ziyafuneka. Ukufudumeza okuyingxenye okanye ukuthambisa emva kokucima kudala iindawo ezine-ductility ezahlukeneyo kwindawo enye - inzima ekukhuseleni umkhweli, ithambileyo yokufunxa amandla.
Izitampu ezishushu zongamela iintsika ze-B, iintsika zika-A, iintsimbi zophahla, imiqadi yeengcango, iziqinisekiso ezinkulu, kunye nezihlalo ezinqamlezileyo kwizithuthi zale mihla. Umthamo wonyaka wenxalenye eshushu yesitampu sehlabathi ugqithise kwi-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zamaqhekeza ngo-2025.
ISikhokelo seSigqibo esiKhawulezayo
Sebenzisa le theyibhile ukumisela inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi yakho.
| Imfuno yeProjekthi | Inkqubo eCetyisiweyo | Isizathu |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla okuqina ngaphantsi kwe-600 MPa | Isitampu esibandayo | Iintsimbi ezisemgangathweni ziyahlangabezana neemfuno; ixabiso eliphantsi |
| Amandla okuqina ngaphezulu kwe-1,200 MPa | Isitampu esishushu | Kuphela intsimbi yebhoron ekhuniweyo ifikelela kolu luhlu |
| Ukunyamezela kuqina kune ±0.05 mm | Isitampu esibandayo | Ukuchaneka kuyafa ukuhambisa ± 0.01 mm ngokuqhubekayo |
| Ishiti elijiyile kune-4 mm | Isitampu esibandayo | Izitofu ezishushu zokutsibela kwaye ziyafa ziyilelwe ≤4 mm. |
| Umthamo wenxalenye phantsi kwe-10,000 / ngonyaka | Isitampu esibandayo | Ixabiso lezixhobo zokusebenza 3-10 × ngaphantsi; ngokukhawuleza i-ROI |
| Inxalenye umthamo ongaphezulu kwe-100,000/ngonyaka + ukhuseleko-lubalulekile | Isitampu esishushu | Tooling amortized; amandla kunye nokugcinwa kobunzima buthethelela utyalo-mali |
| Ijiyometri ye-3D entsonkothileyo enomzobo onzulu | Isitampu esishushu | Ukwakheka okuphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa; akukho kuqhekeka |
| I-Aluminiyam okanye i-alloy yobhedu | Isitampu esibandayo | Inkqubo yentsimbi ye-boron eshushu ayisebenzi |
| I-izithuthi structure / crash part | Isitampu esishushu | Iimfuno zamandla olawulo ziyalela ukuba |
| Isixhobo, i-electronics, okanye i-industrial industrial | Isitampu esibandayo | Iindleko, isantya, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphathekayo ukodlula iimfuno zamandla |
Uninzi lwabavelisi badibanisa zombini iindlela kwisithuthi esinye okanye kwimveliso - besebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko kunye nezibiyeli ezinesitampu esibandayo, iikhava kunye nezibiyeli kwenye indawo. Ukuba ufuna zombini ezi ndidi, ukusebenza kunye nomthengisi onamava kwi- isitampu sentsimbi yesiko kuzo zonke iinkqubo zenza lula izinto kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-isitampu ebandayo kunye ne-hot isitampu?
Umahluko omkhulu liqondo lobushushu. Ukungqinisisa okubandayo kwenza isinyithi kumaqondo obushushu obuphakathi (15–35 °C), ngelixa isitampu esishushu sifudumeza isithuba esingama-700–950 °C phambi kokuba sibumbe kwaye sicime kwifa elipholileyo. Isitampu esibandayo sibeka phambili isantya kunye nokuchaneka; isitampu esishushu sonyusa amandla enxalenye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,700 MPa.
Yeyiphi eyomeleleyo, isitampu esibandayo okanye intsimbi eshushu?
Intsimbi enesitampu eshushu yomelele kakhulu. Iindawo ezinesitampu ezibandayo zifikelela kuma-270–980 MPa amandla okuqina ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto zokuqala. Intsimbi ye-boron enesitampu esishushu i-22MnB5 ifikelela kwi-1,400–1,700 MPa emva kokuqina kocinezelo - malunga ne-2–4× yomelele kunentsimbi epholileyo ethambileyo.
Ngaba isitampu esibandayo sinexabiso eliphantsi kunesitampu esishushu? I-
Ewe, isitampu esibandayo sixabisa i-60-80% ngaphantsi ngenxalenye nganye kwimithamo ephakathi. Isixhobo sokunyathela esibandayo siqhuba i-$5,000–$80,000 vs. $50,000–$300,000 yokunyathela eshushu. Imathiriyeli ekrwada nayo inexabiso eliphantsi. Isitampu esishushu siba neendleko-zokhuphiswano kuphela kwimiqulu ephezulu kakhulu (i-100K+ iinxalenye/ngonyaka) apho i-amortization yezixhobo kunye nokonga ubunzima kuphelisa iindleko eziphezulu ngenxalenye nganye.
Ngaba i-aluminiyam inokushushu isitampu?
Isitampu esiqhelekileyo esishushu sisebenzisa intsimbi ye-boron (22MnB5), hayi i-aluminium. Ukwenziwa kweAluminiyam eshushu (ukubumba okufudumeleyo kwi-200–350 °C) ikhona njengenkqubo eyahlukileyo kodwa ayiphumeleli ukuzuzwa kwamandla afanayo. Kumalungu e-aluminiyam, isitampu esibandayo okanye esibandayo nzulu ukuzoba isitampu ihlala iyindlela eqhelekileyo.
Ngawaphi amashishini asebenzisa isitampu esishushu?
Isitampu esishushu sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kushishino lweemoto kulwakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko lwamacandelo: Iintsika ze-A, iintsika ze-B, iileyili zephahla, imiqadi emikhulu, imiqadi yokungena emnyango, kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. I-aerospace kunye nokukhusela isebenzise ngokukhethiweyo kwizibiyeli zentsimbi eziphezulu. Imizi-mveliso yezixhobo zombane neyombane ayifane isebenzise isitampu esishushu.
Ndikhetha njani phakathi kwesitampu esibandayo kunye nokunyathela okushushu kwiprojekthi yam?
Tshatisa inkqubo ngokweemfuno zakho. Sebenzisa isitampu esibandayo ukuba inxalenye yakho idinga ukunyamezela okungqongqo kune ± 0.05 mm, isebenzisa i-aluminium okanye insimbi engenasici, inomthamo ongaphantsi kweeyunithi ezingama-50,000, okanye ifuna amandla angaphantsi kwe-980 MPa. Sebenzisa isitampu esishushu ukuba inxalenye yokhuseleko-ibaluleke kakhulu, ifuna amandla e-MPa ayi-1,200+, inejometri enzima ye-3D, okanye ijolise kwiinjongo zokunciphisa ubunzima beemoto. Qhagamshelana ne- iindawo zokunyathela ngesinyithi umthengisi ukuvavanya zombini iinketho kwisicelo sakho esithile.